成熟度、接種及材料加工對高水分玉米青貯發酵的影響

玉米粒青貯的水分含量較低，其發酵速度與程度均低於全株玉米青貯，若無適當發酵條件的配合易造成損失或失敗，需要有成熟的青貯調製技術，才能獲得良好的保存與利用。影響青貯的因素極多。本研究的主要目的為了解成熟度、接種及材料加工對高水分玉米青貯發酵的影響，以做為產業化的基礎。試驗I以吐絲後60天、67天及74天三種不同成熟度的材料進行接種與不接種的比較。結果顯示高水分玉米發酵程度與收穫成熟度成反比，與青貯時間成正比，接種處理的發酵情形優於對照，且接種自行分離菌株的整體效果優於商業菌株，特別是在發酵初期的促進效果上。試驗II以相同成熟度的材料比較不同材料處理程序及接種對高水分玉米青貯發酵的影響。結果顯示高水分玉米的發酵反應與材料之含水率相對應，加水碾壓籽實與整穗玉米細切二種含水率高的材料在初期（2週）的pH值下降最快，乳酸含量也較高，但發酵至8週時，加水碾壓籽實的乳酸含量反而降低。接種較對照有促進乳酸生成及降低乙酸／乳酸比的效果。高水分玉米的發酵依材料及青貯條件的不同可以產生極大的差異，試驗I的乳酸含量介於0.3g/kg-9.1g/kg（drybase），而試驗II的含量介於5.2g/kg-18.6g/kg（drybase）間；縮短收穫至青貯作業時間有利於青貯保存；接種有促進高水分玉米乳酸發酵效果。

關鍵字

高水分玉米；青貯發酵；接種

並列摘要

Ensiling technology is the key factor of high moisture corn production. The fermentation quality of high moisture corn is not easy to control and tend to get loss due to its low moisture content and low fermentation speed as comparing to forage corn. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of maturity, processing and inoculation on fermentation of high moisture corn. In experiment I, materials of days, 67 days and 74 days after silking were used to evaluate the effect of maturity and inoculation. Inoculants included the commercial one (Ecosyl, Lactobacillus plantarum) and three locally isolated strains. The fermentation degree is inversely proportional to the maturity and positively proportional to the ensiling period. Inoculation could improve the fermentation, and local strains were more effective than commercial one especially at the early stage. In experiment II, the material in the same maturity was processed in different ways to investigate the influence of processing and inoculation. The inoculant used was a mixture of three strains (St12, C51 and E11). The fermentation reactions responded to the moisture contents of different processing materials. The pH values of the water adjusted rolled corn grain (SCRW) and cut ear (EC) decreased faster than the other treatments in the early period (2 weeks) and had higher lactic acid contents than the others. However, the lactic acid content of SCRW decreased after 8 weeks. The mixed inoculants improved the lactic acid production and reduced the ratio of acetic acid/lactic acid. The results showed that the fermentation of high moisture corn were apt to fluctuate under different conditions. The range of lactic acid contents in experiment I and experiment II were from 0.3 g/kg (dry base) to 9.1 g/kg (dry base), and from 5.2 g/kg (dry base) to 18.6 g/kg (dry base), respectively. Shortening the time between harvest and ensiling helps preserving the high moisture corn. Inoculation with lactic acid bacteria effectively improved fermentation.

並列關鍵字

High moisture corn ； Ensiling fermentation ； Inoculation

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