不同儲存天數、溫度及相對濕度對初產白羅曼鵝種蛋失重及孵化性狀之影響

Effects of storage lergth, temperature, and relative humidity on egg weight loss and hatching performance of the White Roman geese at the first laying year

廖士傑(Shih-Chieh Liao) ； 林旻蓉(Min-Jung Lin) ； 王勝德(Sheng-Der Wang) ； 林宗毅(Tsung-Yi Lin) ； 張伸彰(Shen-Chang Chang) ； 凃柏安(Po-An Tu)

《畜產研究》 53卷1期 (2020/03) Pp. 16-24

https://doi.org/10.6991/JTLR.202003_53(1).0003

摘要

本研究旨在探討不同儲存天數、溫度及相對濕度對白羅曼鵝種蛋失重及孵化性狀之影響。試驗使用527枚初產（37到50週齡）白羅曼鵝種蛋，每日上午收集之種蛋逢機分配到不同溫度（12℃、16℃）及相對濕度（50%、80%）之儲存環境3－11日直至入孵，並依照儲存天數將種蛋分為：A組（儲存3至5日）、B組（儲存6至8日）及C組（儲存9至11日），共分為2×2×3=12種處理組進行複因子統計分析。結果顯示，種蛋失重隨儲存天數增加而上升，在各種儲存天數或儲存溫度條件下，提高儲存相對濕度皆有改善種蛋失重之效果。在孵化性狀部分，受精率、受精蛋孵化率、早期及中後期胚胎死亡率，在各處理組間皆無顯著差異。B組種蛋經過儲存溫度16℃處理後，相較於C組種蛋經過儲存溫度12℃處理有較高總入蛋數孵化率（P＜0.05）。此外，B組相較C組有較高受精率及總入蛋數孵化率（P＜0.05），但相對A組有較高早期胚胎死亡率（P＜0.05）。在雛鵝品質部分，B組種蛋經過儲存溫度12℃及儲存相對濕度50%組合之處理後，其相較儲存溫度12℃及儲存相對濕度80%組合之處理與儲存溫度16℃及儲存相對濕度50%組合之處理有較高雛鵝出生體重（P＜0.05）。儲存相對濕度80%處理之種蛋相對儲存相對濕度50%處理有較高7日齡體重（P＜0.05）。綜上所述，雛鵝出雛體重受種蛋儲存條件影響，種蛋於儲存期間提高相對濕度可減少失重並提升孵化後之7日齡雛鵝體重；延長儲存天數則增加失重並降低受精率及總入蛋數孵化率。總體而言，業者應注意儲存鵝種蛋環境的相對溫濕度，建議維持在相對濕度80%及溫度16℃環境，並儘量減少長時間儲存鵝種蛋之情況，以免影響鵝種蛋孵化成績。

關鍵字

白羅曼鵝 ； 孵化性狀 ； 儲存天數 ； 儲存溫度 ； 儲存相對濕度

並列摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of storage time, storage conditions on egg weight loss and hatchability for the first laying White Roman geese. A total of 527 eggs were collected from breeders at their first laying year (37 to 50 week-old). Eggs were collected daily and randomly allocated into different storage condition of temperature (12℃ or 16℃), relative humidity (50% or 80%) and length (3-5 d, 6-8 d and 9-11 d, respectively). Experiment was a 2 × 2 × 3 = 12 factorial. The results showed that the egg weight loss was increased with the extending storage time and reduced with the increasing storage relative humidity in each storage length or storage temperatures. There were no difference between treatments on the hatching performance including fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, early and late embryo mortality. Eggs in the group B stored on 16℃ had a higher (P ＜ 0.05) total eggs hatchability than the group C eggs stored on 12℃. Besides, the group B eggs had a higher fertility and hatchability of total eggs than group C (P ＜ 0.05) and a higher early embryo mortality than group A (P ＜ 0.05). On the gosling quality, the group B eggs stored on the storage temperature of 16℃ and the storage relative humidity of 50% had a higher gosling weight at hatch than those stored on the storage temperature of 12℃ and the storage relative humidity of 80% and storage temperature of 16℃ and the storage relative humidity of 50% (P ＜ 0.05). Eggs stored on the storage relative humidity of 80% showed the higher gosling weight at 7 days old than those stored on the storage relative humidity of 50% (P ＜ 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the storage relative humidity decrease the egg weight loss and increase the gosling weight at 7 days old. Extending the storage time increase of the egg weight loss and decrease the fertility and hatchability of egg. Overall, results indicated that the goose egg stored under 16℃ and 80% relative humidity were recommended. Longer egg storage had negative effects on hatching performance.

並列關鍵字

White Roman geese ； Hatching erformance ； Storage time ； Storage temperature ； Storage relative humidity