臺灣北部地區芻料用燕麥生產與利用之研究

Production and utilization of forage oat grown in northern Taiwan

施意敏(Yih- Min Shy) ； 李姿蓉(Tzu-Rung Li)

《畜產研究》 53卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 244-252

https://doi.org/10.6991/JTLR.202012_53(4).0006

摘要

本研究主要探討芻料用燕麥（Avena sativa）品種、收穫期及青貯調製利用對燕麥鮮草產量與品質之影響，期提高臺灣北部地區芻料供應量。主要試驗田區位於北臺灣的苗栗縣，試驗期間為2015－2019年，燕麥於秋天播種，隔年春天收穫。試驗結果顯示，參試的品種以Swan表現最佳，鮮草產量約33.3－60.5 mt/ha，乾草產量約7.7－12.4 mt/ha，產量變化主要受溫度與雨量的影響。於2016年以帶鎖扣的小型塑膠桶進行青貯料調製，60天後拆封之Flieg's評分97－99分屬青貯極優的品質。2017年以大型乾燥機進行燕麥乾燥，分析植體粗蛋白質達12.61%，中洗纖維54.05%，酸洗纖維30.92%，屬品質極優的禾本科乾草。2019年於桃園市新屋鄉收穫Swan，鮮草與乾草產量分別為33.3 mt/ha及6.4 mt/ha，並利用圓形膠膜捆包機進行青貯料製作。半年後拆封分析品質，Flieg's評分62.8分屬青貯品質佳。根據本研究結果，適合臺灣北部地區的燕麥種植以Swan品種為主，可製作燕麥乾草或青貯料，達燕麥草產業化利用之目標。

關鍵字

芻料用燕麥 ； 產量 ； 品質 ； 青貯

並列摘要

The objectives of the study aimed to investigate the effects of variety, harvest period, and ensiling technology on the forage yield and quality of forage oat (Avena sativa), in attempt to increase forage supplement in northern Taiwan. Forage oats were sown in fall and harvested next spring between 2015 ~ 2019. The experimental field was located in Miaoli in northern Taiwan. The results showed that forage oat cv. Swan was the best among the testing varieties. The fresh forage yield of Swan oats ranged from 33.3 to 60.5 mt/ha, and the dry forage yield ranged from 7.7 to 12.4 mt/ha, respectively. Forage production was affected by temperature and rainfall. Silage was made in small plastic pails with screw caps, and the forage quality was determined as 60 days after ensiling in 2016. The silage quality was excellent with Flieg's scores, ranged from 97 to 99 points. Forage oat hay was produced by large dryer in 2017. The forage quality of oat hay was satisfactory: The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were 12.61, 54.05, and 30.92%, respectively. The fresh and the dry forage yield of Swan oat planted in Xinwu, Taoyuan in 2019 were 33.3 and 6.4 mt/ha, respectively. Silage round bale was wrapped with the plastic membrane in the field. The silage quality was satisfactory with Flieg's score being 62.8. The results showed that forage oat cv. Swan may be commercial produced in the form of oat hay or silage for dairy cows in northern Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Forage oat ； Forage yield ； Forage quality ； Silage