基因改造玉米與大豆粕飼糧對土雞生長、健康及基因片段殘留調查

Investigation of genetically modified corn and soybean meal diets on the growth and health of native chicken and the gene event tracing

施柏齡(Bor-Ling Shih) ； 洪兮雯(Hsi-Wen Hung) ； 劉芳爵(Fang-Chueh Liu) ； 李宗育(Tsung-Yu Lee) ； 陳哲仁(Jen-Ren Chen) ； 陳燕萍(Yen-Ping Chen) ； 凃央昌(Yang-Chang Tu) ； 李春芳(Churng-Faung Lee)

《畜產研究》 55卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 101-109

https://doi.org/10.6991/JTLR.202206_55(2).0003

摘要

目前國內畜禽飼糧中的玉米與大豆粕主要來自進口基改作物，本試驗旨在調查餵飼土雞基因改造飼料，是否影響土雞生長健康表現以及基因片段殘留情形。採用一日齡畜試土雞臺畜母12號品系120隻，逢機分成二組。試驗期間分為育雛期（0－4週齡）、生長期（5－8週齡）及肥育期（9－16週齡）。以國產非基改玉米－大豆粉為主要原料之基礎飼糧為對照組；以進口基改玉米－大豆粕為主要原料之飼糧（以下簡稱為基改飼糧）為處理組，每處理組60隻土雞，上述兩處理組之各期飼糧均為等氮等能量，飼養期間飼料與飲水任食。試驗結束時，每組採取12隻雞隻進行屠體性狀、腸道菌相、組織病理與切片及基因片段殘留等測定。結果顯示，兩組土雞全期日增重、飼料轉換率及育成率均相近，惟在5－12週齡及全期採食量則以基改飼糧為高（P＜0.05）。土雞屠體性狀如腹脂、內臟及胸肉等相對重量皆無明顯變化；無論8或16週齡土雞皮膚腫脹反應及血液IgA、IgG及IgM含量等免疫反應均未受飼糧處理的影響；兩組腸道微生物菌數變異大而未有明顯差異。基改或非基改飼糧組雞隻各組織臟器均無明顯特徵性組織病變，在組織臟器與腸道內容物DNA中亦未檢出玉米4種及大豆粕1種基改基因片段。綜上所述，土雞餵飼含玉米、大豆粕基改原料之飼糧16週，並不影響生長、屠體性狀、免疫能力、腸道微生物菌相及器官發育，同時無基改基因片段的殘留，顯示土雞採食含基改飼料所生產之內臟及禽肉品應屬安全範疇之內。

關鍵字

基改玉米大豆粕 ； 生長性能 ； 基改基因片段殘留 ； 健康 ； 土雞

並列摘要

The major feedstuffs corn and soybean are mostly imported and genetically modified. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of genetically modified diets on the growth performance, health and gene event residue in native chickens. A total of 120 day-old native chicks were randomly assigned into two groups. The experimental periods included the breeding period (0-4 weeks of age), growing period (5-8 weeks of age) and fattening period (9-16 weeks of age). Non-genetically modified corn and soybean produced locally and formulated into basal diets were used as control group. Genetically modified imported corn and soybean diets were used as treatment group. Each treatment group comprised 60 native birds. All diets were fed isonitrogenous and energy. Feed and water were offered ad libitum during the trial period. At the end of experiment, twelve chickens from each treatment were sacrificed for analyzing the carcass characteristics, intestinal microflora, histopathology of tissue and gene event residue. Results showed that growth performances, feed conversion ratio and survival rate in both groups were similar. Nonetheless, the feed intake was found higher in genetically modified diets during 5-12 weeks and the whole period (P ＜ 0.05). Carcass characteristics including dressing percentage, relative weights of abdominal fat, organs and breast meat all had no significant difference. Skin swollen response and blood IgA, IgG, IgM at the 8^(th) wk and 16^(th) wk of age were not affected by the diet treatment. No significant differences were observed on the intestinal microflora, organ development and pathological diagnosis of tissue. There were no residue of transferred gene events in body tissues and excrete. In conclusion, genetically modified diet (corn and soybean meal) would not affect the growth and health of 16-wk-old native chicken. The modified gene event could not be traced. Consumption of edible organ and meat of native chicken is recognized safe.

並列關鍵字

Genetically modified corn and soybean ； Growth performance ； Gene event tracing ； Health ； Native chicken