生長肥育豬飼養於水簾式豬舍對生長性能及廢水處理水質之影響

本研究旨在探討將生長肥育豬飼養於糞尿溝式水簾豬舍，對豬隻生長性能及對廢水經厭氧處理後水質和沼氣產量的影響。試驗期間使用平均體重23－120 kg的LD（Landrace♀×Duroc♂）肉豬64頭，飼糧及飲用水皆採任食。每週以經過厭氧發酵的處理水沖洗糞尿溝2次，將原廢水儲存於儲水槽中，每日自動控制進水500 L於容積10 m^3之直立式厭氧槽。厭氧處理系統穩定後，每2週採集糞尿溝沖洗水、原廢水、厭氧後上澄液及厭氧槽混合液分析水質，測定沼氣產量與成分。豬隻肥育期在糞尿溝沖洗前及沖洗後，採集豬舍內水簾端（P1）、豬舍第2－3欄間（P2）、豬舍內風扇端（P3）及豬舍外風扇端（P4）空氣樣品測定氨氣濃度。結果顯示，試驗期間豬隻增重、採食量及飼料效率（gain/intake）分別為0.90 kg/day/head、2.24 kg/day/head及0.40。糞尿溝沖洗後P2和P3的氨濃度較沖洗前為低（P<0.05）。試驗期間平均沼氣產量為3,380 L/day，沼氣中甲烷及二氧化碳濃度分別為62.0%及25.6%，分析厭氧槽混合液發現，其銅和鋅濃度皆顯著地較原廢水為高。綜上，建議定期清理糞尿溝及排除厭氧槽污泥，以維持豬舍內空氣品質，降低銅和鋅蓄積。

關鍵字

糞尿溝；養豬場；水簾式豬舍

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of raising growing-finishing pigs in a water-pad cooling pig house with manure ditch on the growth performance of pigs, biogas production and effluent quality after anaerobic treatment of wastewater. During the experiment, 64 LD pigs with an average body weight of 23 kg grew to 120 kg, and both diet and drinking water were given ad libitum. The manure ditch was washed twice a week with the anaerobic treated wastewater and the raw wastewater produced was stored in a water storage tank. The raw wastewater was automatically controlled into a10 m^3 vertical anaerobic reactor at a rate of 500 L/day. While the anaerobic treatment system was stabilized, the flushing water for manure ditch, raw wastewater, anaerobic treated wastewater and the mixture in the anaerobic reactor were collected every 2 weeks to analyze the water quality. The biogas production and compositions were also determined. During the finishing stage of pigs, the gas samples of manure ditch before and after flushing were collected to detect the ammonia concentration, and the sampling sites included wet-pad side (P1), the 2^(nd) to 3^(rd) pen (P2), fan side in the house (P3), and fan side outside the house (P4), The results showed that the weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of pigs were 0.90 kg/day/head, 2.24 kg/day/head and 0.40, respectively, during the experiment period. The ammonia concentrations of P2 before and after flushing were 0.53 and 0.25 ppm, and those of P3 were 2.36 and 0.77 ppm. The ammonia concentrations of gas samples after flushing were lower than those before flushing (P < 0.05). The average biogas production rate during the experimental period was 3,380 L/day. The concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide in the biogas were 62.0% and 25.6%, respectively. The results of analysis of the mixture of anaerobic reactor showed the copper and zinc concentrations were significantly higher than those of the raw wastewater. In conclusion, it is recommended to flush the manure ditch regularly and remove the sludge in the anaerobic reactor for the maintenance of the air quality in the pig house and reduction of copper and zinc accumulation.

並列關鍵字

Manure ditch type ； Pig farm ； Water-pad cooling pig house

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