人权指数的类型化研究

A Typological Study on Human Rights Indices

唐颖侠(Tang Yingxia) ； 白冰(Bai Bing)

《人权研究》 4期 (2021/03) Pp. 31-51

摘要

人权指数是对人权的量化监督，联合国、人权条约机构和各非政府组织经常在其实践中引入人权指数监测人权的实施。对人权指数可以进行类型化分析：根据是否以人权为主题，人权指数分为直接评估指数和间接评估指数；根据人权指数的编制技术，分为单一指数和聚合指数；根据人权指数使用的信息和数据来源，分为客观指数、主观指数和综合指数。联合国人权指标体系属于对人权的直接评估指数、聚合指数和综合指数，是人权指数建构的典范。人权指数类型化研究对构建中国人权指数具有重要意义和启示。中国人权指数的设计应当以中国人权话语为基础，反映中国人权话语体系中的核心概念。

關鍵字

人权定量评估 ； 人权指数 ； 联合国人权指标体系 ； 类型化研究

並列摘要

The human rights indices are a kind of quantitative monitoring system of human rights. The United Nations, human rights treaty bodies and various non-governmental organizations often introduce human rights indices in their practices to monitor the implementation of human rights. A typological analysis of the human rights indices may be made as follows: The indices can be divided into direct evaluation indices and indirect evaluation indices based on whether human rights are the theme; single indices and aggregate indices according to the compilation technology of human rights indices; objective indices, subjective indices and comprehensive indices according to the information and data source used by the human rights indices. Based on this, it is believed that the United Nations human rights indicator system belongs to the direct evaluation indices, aggregation indices and comprehensive indices of human rights, and is a model for the construction of human rights indices. The typological analysis of human rights indices has important significance and enlightenment for the construction of China's human rights indices. The design of China's human rights indices should be based on the Chinese human rights discourse and reflect the core concepts in China's human rights discourse system.

並列關鍵字

quantitative assessment of human rights ； human rights indices ； United Nations human rights indicator system ； typological research