論國際私法上當事人意思自主原則之適用～兼評最高法院數則判決及涉外民事法律適用法修正草案～

The doctrine of autonomy of the parties apply on Conflict of Laws

林益山(Yih-Shan Lin)

《真理財經法學》 2期 (2009/03) Pp. 1-29

摘要

當事人意思自主原則，即以當事人之自由意思決定其所適用之法律。在今天，此原則已成為各國國際私法上普遍採用之準則。依我國現行涉外民事法律適用法第六條之規定，亦採用當事人意思自主原則，即當事人可以自由之意思決定契約之準據法。惟因該條文並未對當事人之選法作有限制，似宜解釋為當事人有選法之絕對自由，亦即可選擇與契約毫無牽連關係之法律作為準據法。且因法無明文規定，故所謂當事人之意思，應包含明示及默示之意思表示。又國際私法之案件均涉及外國人、事及物，故在國際私法之運用上，不宜純由內國之角度觀之，而應採用較為開闊之國際觀，去尋找適當之準據法。我國過去實務對於涉外民事法律適用法第六條有關當事人意思之認定過於保守，宜改進之：尤應將載貨證券背面條款之效力解釋為雙方當事人之意思，方為允當，且符合世界之潮流。

關鍵字

當事人 ； 意思自主 ； 契約 ； 明示意思 ； 默示 ； 載貨證券 ； 關連 ； 合理的 ； 意圖 ； 實質的

並列摘要

The doctrine of autonomy of the parties means the parties can select the law by which their contract to be governed .Now this doctrine is very popular on the Conflict of Laws. According to our Conflict of Laws §6,also apply the doctrine of autonmy of the parties,including the explicit and imply intention.The Law chosen by the parties to govern their contractual rights and duties will be applied ,even if the chosen law has no substantial relationship to the parties or the transaction and there is no other reasonable basis for the parties' choice. The cases of Conflict of Laws are always including foreign elements,so the court must open mind to select the proper law of contract.In other words,the validity of Bill of Lading must be explained by the parties' agreement.