警察盤查法制及其實務運作問題之探討－以警察職權行使法修法為例

警察人員在執行巡邏、臨檢等攻勢勤務時，其所謂的「攻勢勤務」並非是指員警僅需於時間內完成例行性的巡邏、臨檢工作，更重要的是員警在勤務中發現各種可疑癥候時的盤查作為，是警察工作中不可或缺的一環，各警察機關均鼓勵員警勠力為之。惟警察職權行使法第6條規範之身分查證要件及第7條規範與身分查證有關之措施，均屬身分查證之範疇，與警察職權行使法的制定原係為解決司法院釋字第535號解釋之警察臨檢法制不足之問題不盡相符，致與現行警察臨檢實務運作產生不少法制上的適用疑慮，對於警察「盤查」亦因缺少相關法制規範，均衍生許多適用上的困境。警察機關所規劃且行之有年的「擴大臨檢」、「取締酒駕」勤務，長久以來一直被視為是警察維護治安、防止危害的重要手段，但是否符合警察職權行使法第6、7、8條的法律授權則不無疑問？另警察職權行使法的盤查法制，係採對人、車、取締酒駕之不當切割的立法模式，不僅造成現行警察實務運作上的困難，亦容易使基層員警在執法時容易產生法律適用上的混淆，使其不知不覺中游走在法律邊緣，對基層員警的執法及民眾權利的保護均嫌不足。次就警察盤查問題，如擴大臨檢、取締酒駕之適法性、對人、車、取締酒駕分別規範、警察拍搜檢查、盤查詢問事項、身分查證職權條文相互為用及車輛攔查等問題進行研析；再舉美國、日本、德國等外國法制規範說明之，並提出警察職權行使法修法建議，希能解決上開問題。

關鍵字

警察盤查；身分查證；攔停；擴大臨檢；取締酒駕

並列摘要

When the police officers perform Proactive duties such as patrol, random checkpoints, etc. The most important thing is that they can find some suspicious signs in the stop check rather than slack off, which is inevitable for the police officers to exercise their power. All the police encouraged to do it as well by all police agencies. The Article 6 and 7 of Police Power Exercise Act are in the category of identity verifying, which is not completely suitable with the original purpose: Solving the insufficient police checkpoint question in Constitutional Court Republic of China (Taiwan) Reporter: Interpretations No.535. It causes some questions on police practical enforcement. Also, because lacking of the Regulations on ＂checkpoint＂, it will lead to some dilemma in application of the law. Besides, the police checkpoint regulations in Police Power Exercise Act is improperly cut legislation mode for people, vehicles and DUI checkpoint. The ''random check'' and ''sobriety checkpoints'' services have been planned and practice by police for a long time. Also, it has been regarded as important means for the police to maintain public order and prevent harm, but it is doubtful that whether it meets the legal authorization of Articles 6, 7and 8 of the Police Power Exercise Act. Which not only causes difficulties in current police practice, but also makes grassroots confused easily when they enforce the public power. What is more, it will make them verge on the illegal unknowingly, cause the law enforcement of the grassroots and the protection of public's right insufficient. I analyze some questions about police cross-examination, such as the legality of police inspection, drunk-driving crackdown, the individual regulations of inspecting people, vehicles and drunk-driving crackdown, police frisk inspection, questions of cross-examination and identity verification authorities. Also, I cite the descriptions of foreign legal norms in United States, Japan, and Germany, providing some suggestions to amend the Police Power Exercise Act. Hoping to solve the questions above.

並列關鍵字

Interrogation ； Identity ； Pull over ； Random Checkpoints ； Drunk-Driving Crackdoan

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