警察行政法對行政法發展之影響與未來課題

台灣警察在解嚴後，引進德國的集會遊行法，更在1991年廢除動員戡亂時期，制定憲法增修條文，在此階段參考德國法制，修正行政執行法以及行政訴訟法，並引進行政程序法；受到司法院釋字第535號解釋，並參考德國警察法，制定了警察職權行使法，面對群眾實施正當法律程序，開啟了警察接受人民以及社會之檢驗，之後，並制定了行政罰法。在1991年憲法增修條文制定後，台灣雖實施脫警察化，將以往警察管轄之業務，回歸一般行政機關，但卻未加強一般行政機關之執行力，實際警察業務量卻仍未減化，加上行政罰法之施行，有裁處罰之秩序行政機關，未加強執行力，時時仰賴警察，警察機關必須成立專業警察機關，來解決一般行政機關執行力以及調查能力不足之問題。一般行政法之發展與警察法息息相關，本文將兩者關係分成三個階段敘述，第一階段為警察國時期，從國民來台後實施動員戡亂時期以及宣告終止，在此階段的行政法係以警察法為基礎，屬警察國時期，第二階段為法治國啟蒙時期，除制定憲法增修條文外，大法官之解釋對破解警察國之壟罩有其貢獻，逐步引進德國之行政法，如行政程序法以及行政訴訟法之修正，是本時期之特色。第三階段為警察職權行使法制定後，對行政法之影響，以及行政罰法制定後與警察之關係。

關鍵字

警察職權；科技執法；執行力；警察業務；行政執行

並列摘要

After the lifting of martial law in Taiwan, the police agencies lead the German Assembly and Parade Act in. At this period, the police made reference to the German legal system, amended the Administrative Execution Act and the Administrative Litigation Law, and lead the Administrative Procedure Law into Taiwan. The Article of the No. 535 by the Judicial Yuan and refer to German police law, Taiwan police agencies have established the Law on the Police Power Exercise Act. Since then, police officers have been subject to the scrutiny of the people and society when they carry out proper legal procedures in front of the public, and subsequently Administrative Penalty Act have been enacted too. After the Constitutional amendments made in 1991, Taiwan implements the depolicing. The police business has been returned to the general administration. However, due to the capacity of the general administrative agencies has not been strengthened, the police workload has not been reduced. In addition, with the implement of Administrative Penalty Act, the administrative agency of order with sanction have not strengthened their execution and need to rely on the police frequently. It has led to the need to establish a professional police agency to solve the problem of insufficient execution and investigative capacity of the Administrative agency. The development of Administrative Law is related to Police Law. In this paper the author describes the relationship in 3 stages: Stage 1- Police state period. From the Kuomintang (KMT) escaped to Taiwan to implement the Mobilize for chaos and to the end of it, Administrative Law was based on police law during this period. Stage 2- Enlightenment of the Rule of Law period. Not only the establishment of Constitution amendments Articles, the Constitutional Interpretation Justice has contributed to breaking the shrouded of the Police state. Plus, Taiwan also lead the German administrative law in, such as the Administrative Procedure Law and the Administrative Litigation Law fixed, which are characteristic of this period. Stage 3- The impact on Administrative Law and the relationship. between the establishment of Administrative Penalty Act and police officers after the establishment of the Police Power Exercise Act.

並列關鍵字

Police Power Exercise ； Technology Law Enforcement ； Execution ； Police business ； Administrative Execution

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