Though the protection, collection of and research on translator's manuscripts have attracted some attention, it's far from enough in view of their great cultural significance and academic value. This article aims to elucidate the manifold significance of protecting, collecting and studying translator's manuscripts by introducing some relevant facts and typical examples. It is suggested that translators, translation scholars and relevant institutions work together to push forward with the protection of and research on translator's manuscripts in which the spirit of the translator and the genetic nature of translation are embodied.