開啟南北朝至唐代遊仙詩道教化的轉關－上清經派道人楊羲的道教遊仙詩

The Beginning of Daoist Transformation of Mystical Excursion Poetry from Southern and Northern to Tang Dynasties: On the Mystical Excursion Poetry of Yang Xi, A Shangqing School Daoist

張宏(Zhang Hong)

《嶺南學報》 11輯 (2019/08) Pp. 125-152

摘要

上清經派道人楊羲等在製作上清經的過程中，開創了以扶乩降筆之法創作道教遊仙詩的神秘創作方式。楊羲開創了女仙婚戀遊仙詩、煉丹奉道的遊仙詩等新的遊仙詩類型，以道教各種修煉方式和功法爲主要内容，變遊仙詩爲修道詩，使遊仙詩的整體風貌大變。在仙境的營構描寫上，楊羲詩歌濃墨重彩地鋪排渲染了道教神仙活動的繁華熱鬧世界，在詩歌中第一次形象生動地描寫了煉丹奉道活動的神奇景象，散發出濃郁的宗教神秘氣息，使得遊仙詩中的“龍虎之氣”從此生生不息，開啟了南北朝至唐代遊仙詩道教化的轉關。對後代詩人特别是李白等的煉丹類遊仙詩産生了深遠的影響。

關鍵字

道人楊羲 ； 道教上清經派 ； 仙女下凡婚配 ； 煉丹奉道 ； 道教遊仙詩

並列摘要

During the process of constructing Shangqing jing上清經(Shangqing School Scripture), Daoist Yang Xi楊羲created a mystical method of writing Daoist mystical excursion poems through planchette writing. Yang initiated created mystical excursion poems about fairies coming down to earth for love and marriage and about Daoists alchemy. Focused on Daoist practices, these poems changed the style of mystical excursion poetry to Daoist cultivation. On the description of fairyland, he praised a lively and bustling world of Daoist immortals in gaudy colors, and for the first time, depicted vividly the magical scenes of how Daoist alchemists create pills of immortality with a strong sense of religious mysticism. In doing so, he highlighted and preserved the ＂dragon and tiger＂ spirit of mystical excursion poetry, and initiated the Daoist transformation of mystical excursion poetry from Southern and North to Tang dynasties. Furthermore, his poems left a profound influence on poems about the alchemy of later generation poets, including Li Bai.

並列關鍵字

Daoist Yang Xi ； Shangqing School of Daoism ； fairies coming down to earth for love ； pills of immortality ； Daoist mystical excursion poetry

參考文獻

干寶著,汪紹楹校注:《搜神記》,北京:中華書局,1979 年。

中國天文學史整理研究小組編著:《中國天文學史》,北京:科學出版社,1981 年。

王明:《太平經合校》,北京:中華書局,1992 年。

王明:《道家和道教思想研究》,北京:中國社會科學出版社,1984 年。

王家葵:《陶弘景叢考》,濟南:齊魯書社,2003 年。