In recent years, due to the substantial development of scientific measurement technology, stable isotope tracer technology has been increasingly applied to the research and analysis of environmental pollutant sources. According to the isotopic geochemical characteristics of Pb, Cd and Zn elements, the basic theory of tracing heavy metal pollution in atmosphere, water and soil was analyzed. Based on the tracing principle and determination method of the three elements isotopes, a large number of domestic and foreign cases were referred. The application status and deficiency of isotope tracer techniques in the study of environmental heavy metal sources were discussed and the future development prospect was prospected.