突破EMS訓練框架，建構EMT教育制度轉化學習

背景：救護技術員訓練已從官方擴及民間，但相同的內容運用在民間場域訓練時卻常發生無法適用，觀察原因來自課程內容、教學手法、場域應用等，從教育學習理論可理解學習分為「經驗學習」及「轉化學習」，以傳統EMT訓練架構延伸至民間教育來說，就非常具轉化或擴增學習內容的空間及必要。方法：以教育理論之轉化學習建構EMT訓練元素。結果：（1）轉化：以輔助呼吸道來說，可以「強調徒手打開呼吸道的重要性、認真評估呼吸、注意呼吸變化、與救護人員描述急迫狀況｣，這些重要易學同時對急救系統發揮功能的做法（2）擴充：挑選學能領域常被帶過的部分來擴充教學，例如讓學員實際感受感染環境，並誘發學員以感控思考因應作為，而不是加強「演練保護措施」（3）心法：先懂「為什麼｣，再學評估技巧及流程，最後學救護處置技術，以符合轉化學習中的「反思｣，其邏輯是先理解原理「再選擇工具、手法及流程｣。結論：規範內容的仍要教，EMS有其獨門專業不應棄守，但建議擴充及轉化內容以貼合民間，並在學習過程中運用反思及倒反序列，先學原理根基再進展評估及器材，以理解流程跟器材只是工具，強化心法才能突破學習及應用場域。

關鍵字

救護技術員；轉化學習；教育理論；反思；訓練

並列摘要

Background: The education of emergency medical technicians has expanded from official to private sector. However, many training models that often make unable to apply. The reasons include content of the curriculum, teaching methods and field. From the educational learning theory, learning can be divided into experience learning and transformation learning. In terms of extending the traditional EMT training framework to private education, there is need to transform and expand learning content. Method: Construct EMT training elements by transforming learning of educational theory. Result: (1) Transformation: In the case of airway. You can emphasize the importance of open airway with bare hands, carefully evaluate breathing, mind the change in breathing, and describe emergency situations. That is important, easy to learn and function for the emergency system. (2) Expansion: Select the parts that are often gloss over. For example infectious control, and induce the students to respond with sensory control rather than wear PPE. (3) Mind method: First to learn 〞what's wrong and the theory〞. Second is assessment skills and procedures, and finally learn treatment. Conclusion: Standard content still needs to be taught, because EMS has own specialties and should not be abandoned. However, it is recommended to expand and transform, and use reflection and reverse learning process like first learn the basic principles and then evaluate and progress. It's important to know the process and equipment is just a tool.

並列關鍵字

Emergency medical technician ； transformative learning ； educational theory ； reflection ； training

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