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【論文摘要】老人跌倒造成的傷害及如何預防
【論文摘要】Injuries Caused by Falls in the Elderly and Fall Prevention
摘要
研究背景：在雲林台大醫院急診部實習期間，發現有許多創傷案件與老年人有關。跌倒是導致老年人傷殘、失能和死亡的重要原因之一，嚴重影老年人的健康和生活自理能力，给家庭和社會带来巨大的負擔。跌倒是造成65歲以上長者受傷住院和急診的最主要原因。65歲以上的老年人每年跌倒一次或多次，而且跌倒的概率隨著年齡遞增，有骨折、腦出血、外傷及意識不清，藉此探討老人為什麼容易跌倒？跌倒常導致的嚴重傷害有哪些？如何降低老人發生跌倒的機率？研究方法（或案例描述）：統計112年6月16日至7月31日雲林台大院內急診來診創傷患者，符合65歲以上老年人，區分受傷型態與機轉類型，分析老年人易跌倒原因，以及跌倒所導致之骨折及創傷性腦損傷（TBI），並討論如何預防。研究結果（或案例討論）：老年人跌倒導致的損傷，除了一般外傷以外，嚴重傷勢以骨折及創傷性腦損傷為主，兩者影響預後最大，除了健康以外還有其他負面影響，例如生活品質及經濟上的耗損。研究結論（案例研究免填）：在所有老人創傷內，以跌倒占了多數，大部分可分兩類型：內在因素包含身體各系統機能的退化；另一為外在因素，包括藥物的使用及環境影響，後者包括照明不足、移動空間的障礙、缺乏扶手、地面濕滑等。為了避免事件發生，可從加強身體機能著手，並改善居住環境，避免憾事發生。
關鍵字
老人跌倒並列摘要
Background: During our internship at the Department of Emergency Medicine of National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, we observed many trauma cases especially in elderly patients. Falling was the main reason that caused the seniors, older than 65 years old, to be injured and treated in the emergency division even needing to be hospitalized. Fallen can cause injuries such as bone fractures, intracerebral hemorrhage, trauma, and unconsciousness. After falls can seriously affect seniors' healthy status and the ability to self-care or live alone, this also placing a burden on families and society. With age, the probability of fall or falls increases. We would take this opportunity to analyze the reasons for elderly are prone to falls, the injuries caused by falls. Moreover, we would also figure out how falls can be prevented among the elderly. Methods (Or case presentation): Monitor the trauma patients who were over 65 years old from June 16, 2023 to July 31, 2023 at the Department of Emergency Medicine of National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch. Classified by injury type and mechanisms and analyze the reasons for falls in the target patients. Figured out the coincidence of fallen and the injuries of fractures and traumatic brain injury (TBI). By analytical above cases to conclude with preventive measures. Results (Or Case Discussion): Besides general wounds, fractures and traumatic brain injury are the most common fall injuries in the elderly. These two kinds of injuries have the greatest impact on the prognosis. In addition to health concerns, falls can also have negative impacts on quality of life and result in financial losses. Falls account for the majority of injuries in the elderly, and most of them can be categorized into internal factors and external factors. Internal factors including the deterioration of the body's systems; and external factors, including the use of medication and environmental influences, includes insufficient lighting, obstacles to mobility, the lack of handrails, and slippery floors. In order to prevent falls, we can start by strengthening the body's functions and improving the living environment.