談正名運動涉及之法律問題

Comment on the Legal Problems Surrounding the Renaming Movement

陳聰憲(Tzong Hsien Chen)

《致理法學》 2期 (2007/10) Pp. 145-168

摘要

正名運動含二個層次之意涵，其一為國家正名，另一為政府機關及公營事業機構之正名。前者主張以台灣取代中華民國作為我國之國號，屬政治問題，係由民間組織在海外所推動，歷時已久，但因受掣於整體國際情勢，尚無重大進展；後者係民進黨執政後由政府所推動，為時尚短，但已有不少完成正名之事例，且仍在持續進行中。本文因受篇幅限制，討論內容將以後者為限。而研究方法，則以現有之法律規定，檢討各該機關、機構之正名所引發之各項法律問題，並提出改進建議。本文研究結果，發現已完成正名之公營事業機構中，以中華郵政公司之正名，最具合法性之爭議。而行政機關方面，則有將「中正紀念堂」降級改名為「台灣民主紀念館」，最明顯違反中央法規標準法等多項法律，甚至可能有違憲問題。本文之結論，認為行政機關或公營機構之改名，乃組織變遷之常態，本無爭議。惟其本質乃屬行政問題，應受「依法行政原則」之拘束，除須依法定程序進行外，尚宜經過理性評估是否確有必要，並應符合公益原則，避免僅依少數意見恣意行事或過度涉入政治考量，始能使改名兼具合法、合理及正當性，而消除無謂之爭議與阻力。

關鍵字

正名運動 ； 系統理論 ； 生態理論 ； 趨熵（Entropy） ； 郵政四法 ； 組織改造四法 ； 依法行政原則 ； 法律保留原則 ； 平等原則 ； 公益原則

並列摘要

The Renaming Movement entails a two-tiered agenda, the first of which is the renaming of government agencies and the second of which is the renaming of government-controlled enterprises. The first agenda has become a political question as it calls to replace the existing ＂Republic of China＂ with ＂Taiwan;＂ so far it has hardly achieved any of its intended purposes due to foreign oppositions withstanding the continuous efforts of overseas non-governmental organizations. The later agenda, orchestrated by the ruling Democratic Progressive Party, has been and is accomplishing quite a few projects in a short period of time. This paper will focus on the later agenda due to constrain of paper context, analyzing existing legal complications of statutory languages related to the renaming issues. This paper finds that, among all the renamed government-controlled enterprises, the ＂China Post Corporation＂ renaming presents the most controversial case; among all the renamed government agencies, the CKS Memorial Hall renaming issue presents the most perplexing case as it poses a blatant contrivance to the National Statutory Uniformity Law and raises Constitutional concern. This paper concludes that, while it is legitimate to conduct renaming of government agencies and government-controlled enterprises as part of the government reorganization processes, it nevertheless must abide by the principle of procedural due process in the course of performing any administrative act. Additionally, in order to minimizing political complications, any renaming project should be subject to an objective assessment regarding a finding of compelling government interest and, if any, the legislative process.

並列關鍵字

the Renaming Moving ； Structure Theory ； Ecology Theory ； Entropy ； the Four Postal Services Laws ； the Four Reorganization Laws ； Law Deference Doctrine ； National Law Preemption Doctrine ； Equal Protection of Law ； Public Interest Doctrine