自由化的電信市場中國家所應該扮演的角色－以德國為例

The nation's role under liberalized telecommunication market- preserving privatization of telecommunications in Germany market

胡博硯(Po-Yen Hu)

《致理法學》 3期 (2008/03) Pp. 31-58

摘要

在德國電信、電力、鐵路、瓦斯等公共服務事業長期以來均掌握在國家手中，這一點與我國相同。九十年代所興起的行政改革熱潮，促使了這些公共服務業發生了劇烈的變動。在此背景下發生的電信市場自由化，是觀察公共服務業轉型的首要目標。這些劇烈的變動，不外乎要求在這些公共服務業當中引進競爭機制，以提高其效率以及品質。在歐盟的壓力下德國進行了一連串的改革，把電信經營與高權行為分離，除了組織上的變動外，民間業者也允許進入電信市場。這是否代表著國家就此擺脫了這些任務？這毋寧是個很大的問題。長期掌握在國家手中的各種公共服務事業，例如德國電信服務業，雖然有著效率不佳、費用偏貴等負面評價，但是國家的參與也確保了這項公共服務的穩定性，以及價格的可控制性。在市場開放之後，如何保障民眾得以利用便利的公共服務，是國家在其不再擔任該公共服務的提供者後所應該扮演的新角色。這樣的新角色即是所謂的保障國家。

關鍵字

電信 ； 電信市場自由化 ； 保障國家 ； 規制國家 ； 生存照顧 ； 行政改革

並列摘要

Germany has had the public service enterprises such as telecommunication, electric power, railroad, and gases etc. under the government's control since long ago, and this is the same in Taiwan. The 90's emerging administration agency reform urged fierce change of these public service industries. The liberalization of the telecommunication market has become a priority observation target of public service industry. This fierce change requested introducing competition to these public service industries to enhance the efficiency of service as well as the quality. under European Union's pressure, Germany has carried on a consecutive reformation. It separated the telecommunication management and the government power. Further, besides organization's change, private companies also allowed to enter the telecommunication market. Does this trend represent that the nation no longer has these duties? This is still an inquiry. Because those public service enterprises are grasped by the country for a long-term, for example the German telecommunication service industry, the efficiency of the enterprise is low, and the expense is expensive. However, government's participation also guaranteed the stability as well as price rationality of the service. After priviatization of the market, how to safeguard the ability for the populace to use the convenient public service is the new role of the nation. Such nation is the so-called guarantor nation.

並列關鍵字

Telecommunication ； Liberalized Telecommunication Market ； Guarantor Country ； Regulatory Country ； Provision for Existence ； Administrative Reform