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我國採行專家參審制度之合憲性探討-以智慧財產訴訟為例

The Constitutionality of Implementing Expert Participation in Taiwan's Intellectual Property Related Trials

摘要


一方面由於我國專業法庭制度運作並不如預期,另一方面則是我國鄰近的日本開始大膽地採行國民參與審判的制度,因此,如在我國專業訴訟中引進專家參審制度是否可行呢?本文擬先介紹德國、日本、中國大陸、美國及我國國民參與司法之情形,包含其等智慧財產訴訟之運作,接著,論證當中專利訴訟之高度專業性,從而顯示出專家參審適用於我國之智慧財產訴訟可能出現如何接軌之相關問題,最後則將重點放在專家參審導入智慧財產訴訟之合憲性探討,在經過國民主權原則、正當法律程序、權力分立、獨立審判、法官法定原則、無罪推定原則、刑事詰問權、程序選擇權等一般憲法原理原則檢驗後,發現我國專家參審試行條例草案有違反權力分立及無罪推定原則之疑慮,因此,最後建議,在初期引進專家參審時,就智慧財產訴訟,先試行於專利訴訟,同時,就專家參審試行條例草案第11條參審官消極資格之規定,增列排除相關行使立法權之民意代表及行政機關之官員。

並列摘要


In Taiwan, professional courts do not run well. Considering Japan commences to introduce citizen participation in trial, the feasibility of implementing expert participation in Taiwan's professional trials becomes an issue which deserves further inquiry. In this study, citizen participating in trials of German, Japan, China, U.S.A., and Taiwan are compared. Then the emphasis is put on examining the constitutionality of implementing expert participation in Taiwan's intellectual property trials, from the aspects of popular sovereignty, due process of law, separating of powers, independent judicial trial, presumption of innocence, confrontation and examination of the defendant. We also give some suggestions on legislation.

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