神学影响还是维权后果：中国基督徒权利观念的来源调查

本文基于一项小范围的问卷调查，发现受访的中国基督教信仰者相对于全部受访者而言，他们的权利意识更为强烈，他们对当前法治的评价更为严厉。进一步的分析表明，是基督教信仰者中的未登记教会成员与那些受到侵犯的宗教信仰者才是现代权利与法治理念的坚定支持者。这两类群体通常是交叉的，因为大部分未登记教会都经历了不同形式的被侵权的事件。从中国基督教的历史渊源和内在机制来看，在神学建设上长期缺乏现代法治内容和权利观念，只有一些抽象的神学原则和基于个人宗教情感的正义评价。当前真正推动中国基督徒具有现代权利观念和法治思维的是现实中他们所遇到的各类涉及维护权利的事件。这些掌握了现代法治与权利观念的基督徒进一步将相关内容融入到教会神学之中，从而使得各教会在神学认知上开始差异化发展。

關鍵字

中国基督徒；权利观念；法治；宗教自由；神学创新

並列摘要

Based on a small scale of questionnaire survey, this paper found that compared with all the respondents, Chinese Christian believers have a stronger sense of rights, and their evaluation of the current rule of law is more severe. Further analysis shows that it is unregistered church members among Christian believers and those who have been violated are the firm supporters of modern rights and the rule of law. The two groups often intersect because most unregistered churches experience different forms of infringement. From the perspective of the historical origin and internal mechanism of Chinese Christianity, the content of modern rule of law and concept of rights have long been absent in the theological construction, with only some abstract theological principles and justice evaluation based on individual religious feelings. At present, what really drives Chinese christians to have the modern concept of rights and the thinking of rule of law is the various events that they encounter in the reality, which involve the protection of rights. These christians who have mastered the modern concept of rule of law and rights further integrate relevant contents into the church theology, so that the churches begin to develop in different ways in terms of theological cognition.

並列關鍵字

Chinese christians ； Concept of rights ； The rule of law ； Freedom of religion ； Theological innovations

參考文獻

夏勇：《走向权利的时代（修订本）》（北京：中国政法大学出版社，1999），页 2、45-49、87-88。

Google Scholar

Shareen Hertel，Lyle Scruggs，C. Patrick Heidkamp，“Human Rights and Public Opinion: From Attitudes to. Action,” Political Science Quarterly 124，3 (Fall 2009): 445-461.