开荒与奠基：晚清宣道会在华中教区的传教路线及信仰实践（1892－1899）

Reclamation and Establishment: The Missionary Route and Belief Practice of The Christian and Missionary Alliance in the Late Qing Dynasty in the Diocese of Central China (1892-1899)

倪步晓(Buxiao NI)

《中国基督教研究》 17期 (2021/12) Pp. 120-162

https://doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202112_(17).0006

摘要

宣道会（Christian and Missionary Alliance）是十九世纪末美国基督教传教运动的产物，自该传教组织成立伊始，就派遣传教士开拓在中国的福音工场。宣道会在华确立传教策略，于中国划分出不同范围的传教区，其中华中教区是本文叙述的主线，拟建大小不同规模的传教站，展开游行布道、个人友谊和办学校来传播基督信仰等，普遍的工作与诸多在华传教团体事务有着共同点。他们既有一种普世基督教传教运动的精神，也具在本地教会的实践经验。传教士与本地信徒，在乡村、家庭、教堂等固定地方，从了解、接受到改宗基督信仰，有着稳定且长期的关系网。尽管因改宗需付出一定的人际、社会成本代价，他们却依靠教会的教徒关系及宗教经验，得到基督徒内部的粘聚力。再则，随着华中宣道会重视巡回布道，传教士抱持基督再临前，迫切拯救人灵魂的宗教信念，开拓过去难以突破的湖南地区传教站，从而实现扮演开路先锋的角色，即是首个进驻湖南省的基督教差会。这种发展模式不但符合传教士开荒“未得之地”的期望，而且标志着华中宣道会具有直接布道的差传路线。

關鍵字

宣道会 ； 华中 ； 传教路线 ； 信仰实践

並列摘要

The Christian and Missionary Alliance is the product of the American missionary movement in the late nineteenth century. Since the establishment of the missionary organization, it has sent missionaries to open up gospel workshops in China. The Christian and Missionary Alliance has established missionary strategies in China and divided different mission areas in China. Among them, the Central China mission area is the main line described in this article. It plans to build mission stations of different sizes, carry on parade sermons, build personal friendships, and run schools to spread the Christian faith. Its general work has something in common with the affairs of many missionary organizations in China. They not only have the spirit of the universal Christian missionary movement, but also have practical experience in the local church. Missionaries built a stable and long-term relationship network with the local believers in fixed places such as villages, homes, churches, etc., from understanding, accepting to converting to Christianity. Although they had to pay a certain amount of interpersonal and social costs due to conversion, they relied on the church's religious relationship and religious experience to gain internal cohesion among Christians. Furthermore, as the Christian and Missionary Alliance in Central China paid more attention to traveling preaching, missionaries held the religious belief of saving souls before Christ's second coming, and opened up missionary stations in Hunan that were difficult to break through in the past, thus realizing the role of pioneering pioneers, which is the first Christian Mission Association stationed in Hunan Province. This development model not only meets the missionaries' expectations of ＂unreached land＂, but also marks that the Christian and Missionary Alliance has a direct evangelistic route in Central China.

並列關鍵字

Christian and Missionary Alliance ； Central China ； Missionary Route ； Belief Practice

參考文獻

赖德烈（Kenneth S. Latourette）：《基督教在华传教史》，雷立柏等译（香港：汉语基督教文化研究所，2009），第 308-309 页。

D.H. Bays, “Pentecostalism in 20th Century China: Denominational Results of a Non-Denominational Movement.” Paper of the 2nd symposium on the History of Christianity in Modern China: Christian Denominational in Modern China: 2.

Editor, “The Claims of China as a Mission Field,” The Christian Alliance and Missionary Weekly, Vol. VIIL, No.9 (26 February 1892), 142.

Valentin H. Rabe, The Home Base of American China Mission, 1880-1920, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press,1978), 3-4

“China Mission,” The Christian Alliance and Missionary Weekly, Vol. VIL, No.24 (18 December 1891),383.