星雲大師人間佛教視域下的核心淨土觀

Master Hsing Yun's Core Concept of Pure Land under His Vision of Humanistic Buddhismdhism

李聖俊(Lee, Sheng-Chun)

《深入緣起．集眾法寶：人間佛教在東亞與東南亞的實踐》 2020年(上冊) (2020/06) Pp. 201-232

摘要

星雲大師推動「人間佛教」，主張佛教應回歸到佛陀在人間示教利喜的本懷，強調佛法對世間的教化，提出「凡是有助於幸福人生之增進的教法，都是人間佛教」。在星雲大師人間佛教諸思想理論中，淨土思想是不可或缺的骨幹，與其弘傳佛法、修持實踐有密切聯繫。對於大乘經論普遍稱揚讚歎的「極樂淨土」，星雲大師以其為範本，並考量現代眾生根器，從而提出具有現代性之「人間淨土」、「佛光淨土」等思想。據星雲大師論述傾向來看，「極樂淨土」是人間佛教的效法典範、「人間淨土」是人間佛教的終極目標、「佛光淨土」是人間佛教的具體實踐，茲三者常見於大師言論中，無疑是人間佛教核心之淨土觀。然而，星雲大師重視佛法的實用，將淨土思想做為弘法度眾的努力方向，除了提出建設人間淨土之願景，在實際行動上，則希冀將佛光山於東亞、東南亞區域所開展之弘法體系，建設成為如同佛國淨土般清淨莊嚴之道場，令緇素二眾不論生亡皆得悅樂安養。准此可知，星雲大師「極樂淨土」、「人間淨土」、「佛光淨土」雖各有所指，又互相關聯，誠有梳理箇中義涵之需要，藉此探究其與人間佛教實踐之聯繫。

關鍵字

星雲大師 ； 人間佛教 ； 極樂淨土 ； 人間淨土 ； 佛光淨土

並列摘要

Master Hsing Yun spares no effort to propagate ＂Humanistic Buddhism.＂ He advocates the return of the original intention and aspiration by which Buddha preached to his disciples about the benefit and joy associated with enlightenment. Moreover, he stresses the enlightenment brought about by dharma to this secular world, saying ＂All preachments shall be construed as a part of Humanistic Buddhism as long as they contribute to the happiness of life.＂ For Master Hsing Yun, Pure Land Buddhism is the backbone of his Humanistic Buddhism theorem as well as the most important part of his preachment and self-cultivation. In all Mahayana sutras, ＂Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss＂ is highly praised. Master Hsing Yun has introduced various modernistic thoughts such as ＂Pure Land on the Earth＂ and ＂Pure Land Blessed with Buddha's Light＂ based on the thoughts of ＂Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss＂, attempting to enlighten all living creatures with different enlightening capacity in the world today. According to the disclosures made by Master Hsing Yun, ＂Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss＂ serves as a perfect example for Humanistic Buddhism whereas ＂Pure Land on the Earth＂ outlines the ultimate goal pursued by Humanistic Buddhism and ＂Pure Land Blessed with Buddha's Light＂ is the tangible form of Humanistic Buddhism. As mentioned by the Master, ＂Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss＂, ＂Pure Land on the Earth＂ and ＂Pure Land Blessed with Buddha's Light＂ undoubtedly serves as the core concept of Pure Land for Humanistic Buddhism. Master Hsing Yun stresses the practicality of dharma. He incorporates Pure Land thoughts into his preachment, attempting to enlighten the general public and thus construct a piece of pure land on the earth. He strives to develop the dharma system created by Fo Guang Shan in East Asia and in Southeast Asia into many pure and divine ritual sites featuring Pure Land, allowing monks and laymen to enjoy peacefulness and happiness no matter they are alive or deceased. Apparently, ＂Pure Land of Ultimate bliss＂, ＂Pure Land on the Earth＂ and ＂Pure Land Blessed with Buddha's Light＂, as advocated by Master Hsing Yun, are tied to one another although they hint at something different from one another. It is therefore necessary to sort out their connotations and thereby find out their connections to Humanistic Buddhism.

並列關鍵字

Master Hsing Yun ； Humanistic Buddhism ； Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss ； Pure Land on the Earth ； Pure Land Blessed with Buddha's Light