- 會議論文
要依附？還是該自主？－對1997年前後香港佛教的觀察
Dependence or Autonomy? An Observation of Buddhism in Hong Kong Around 1997
摘要
近百年來的香港佛教，值得留意的時間點有兩個：即1949年中共建國前後與1997年香港回歸中國統治前後。1949年前後，因國共內戰，中國淪為中共統治，在政治高壓下，不少僧人避難到香港，其中有些人將香港做為中繼站再轉往他處，也有一部分人留下來，對香港佛教發展，均產生一定的影響。1997年對香港佛教言，也是一個重要的年份，在此之前，北京與香港間交流日趨熱絡，早在1981年的12月29日，香港寶蓮禪寺舉行天壇大佛動土典禮（於1993年舉行開光儀式），1982年10月20日至11月1日，以巨贊法師為團長的中國佛教協會護送大藏經代表團，專程護送清刻大藏到香港。香港佛教並不是一成不變的，它的存在固然受到社會經濟、政治諸因素制約，同時又與社會經濟、政治的發展有著密切的關係。自1997年香港回歸後，對佛教也產生了不少的影響。本文想探討的是：1997年前後的香港佛教到底發生了哪些變化？相較於英國殖民香港時代，又有什麼不同？九七以後的香港佛教，正處於「中國化」、「國際化」抑或「本土化」的「三重衝擊浪潮」當中，對香港佛教而言，究應如何因應較好？完全依附內地中國呢？還是應該保有某種程度上的自主？值得關心香港佛教前途者，共同來思考。
並列摘要
In Hong Kong's Buddhism in the past century, there are two salient points in time: the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and Hong Kong's return to China in 1997. Around 1949, many monks fled to Hong Kong from the Chinese mainland as a result of the Communist takeover. These refugee monks, whether settling down in Hong Kong or subsequently moving elsewhere, had played an influential role in the development of Buddhism in Hong Kong. 1997 also marks a significant year to Hong Kong Buddhism. Before that, intimate Buddhist interactions between Beijing and the city were already under way. For example, after the groundbreaking ceremony of the Tian Tan Buddha t the Po Lin Monastery in Hong Kong in late 1981, a delegation from the Chinese Buddhist Association headed by Master Juzan brought a set of Qing dynasty version Tripitaka and presented it to the Monastery in the fall of 1982. But the situation of Hong Kong Buddhism was not always immutable and frozen. It was both conditioned by, and closely related to societal, economic and political factors in Hong Kong, and was deeply impacted by the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997. This article examines what has happened to Hong Kong Buddhism since 1997 and how it compares to the situation prior to that. It is argued that Hong Kong Buddhism after 1997 has been facing triple impact-namely, ＂chinalization＂, ＂internationalization＂, or ＂localization＂, and is still searching for a best solution among these three different directions.
延伸閱讀
- 洪雪芬（2006）。後殖民香港的文化認同變遷(1997-2005)〔碩士論文，淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2006.00383
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- 邱敏捷（2002）。評釋傳法《當代台灣佛教的社會運動》－佛教社會運動理論與類型的建立。弘誓雙月刊，(58)，67-68。https://doi.org/10.29665/HS.200208.0023
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- Lam, C. W. (1997). A study of the religious education in Hong Kong Catholic secondary schools in facing the change of sovereignty in 1997 [master's thesis, The University of Hong Kong]. Airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0029-1812201200000574