當代雲南傣族上座部佛教的毀滅與重生（下）－跨境支援的復甦與周旋

The Destruction and Revival of Tai Theravada Buddhismat Yunnan-Negotiation of Transnational Ethnicity

劉宇光(Lawrence Y.K. Lau)

《深入緣起．集眾法寶：人間佛教在東亞與東南亞的實踐》 2020年(下冊) (2020/06) Pp. 1233-1261

摘要

本文是當代雲南傣族上座部佛教的毀滅與重生的下篇，副題是「跨境支援的復甦與周旋」。中國近年推出的南進國策，使中國學界認為，雲南傣族上座部佛教因而可展開對東南亞國家的佛教公共外交，並提出對雲南上座部做為「大國佛教」的「戰略意義」之論述。本文在上篇探討過雲南傣族上座部佛教現況後，繼而探討八○年代雲南上座部佛教在傣族跨境網絡與國家政權之間的周旋過程，是如何透過東南亞其他國家傣族僧、俗社群的跨境支援下得以復甦，勉強重建的基本輪廓，但仍然面對多種困難與局限，並據此對中國學界倡議上座部執行宗教公共外交之立論提出商榷。此一下篇分三節。一，探討在現代國家政權與跨國民族的對比格局下，在東南亞不同國家是如何維持其跨國傳統，並與國家政權的侵蝕進行周旋。二，探討東南亞傣族是如何從經貿跨境網絡發展為語言、文化及宗教等多領域的跨境複合網絡，支援雲南上座部僧團、傣族文化及傣民族意識的體制內復甦。三，最後的尾聲首先扼要說明中國學界雲南上座部僧團研究的內在限制；其次扼要說明引伸出來的宗教公共外交之議題。

關鍵字

中國公共外交 ； 佛教公共外交 ； 雲南上座部 ； 傣族佛教

並列摘要

Since 2010, China's academic, religious and administrative authorities continuously argue that it is now time for China to carry out religious public diplomacy, with Buddhism as the tradition to be promoted. The idea is partially a response to China's national strategic plan to extend her political power and influence to Southeast and West Asia. China strongly articulates that the Tai Theravada Buddhism in Yunnan, which is geographically connected to northern part of Thailand and Burma, can serve as a tool of Buddhist public diplomacy for China to South East Asia countries. The present article is a critical response to the above argument. The revival of Tai Theravada Buddhism in Yunnan in 1980's will be examined against the background of the negotiation between Tai's transnational ethnicity and China's authorities and her policy. The article is composed of seven sections, while the Part 2 here includes three sections. In the first section, it covers the study of how the Tai Theravada Buddhism in various Southeast countries maintains the unique characteristics of her religious, and especially the monastic, tradition. It will be examined under the contrast between transnational ethnic group and modern nation state. The second section is about how the overseas Tai and the monastic communities support the revival of Tai Theravada Buddhism, monastic education, ethnic culture and ethnic identity in Yunnan, through the transnational network, during the time of economic development in 1990's. The last section covers series of problems related to China's religious and Buddhist public diplomacy in Southeast Asia, derived from the case studies of Tai Theravada Buddhism at Yunnan.

並列關鍵字

Tai ； Yunnan Theravada ； Buddhist Public Diplomacy ； China's Public Diplomacy