試從傳統禪法闡析《觀經》定善的念佛法門

An analysis of Guanjing's ethical samādhi of buddha-anusmrti from traditional meditative method

陳雁姿(CHAN Ngan Che)

《眾力莊嚴．一佛圓滿——人間淨土與彌陀淨土》 2017年(下冊) (2017/12) Pp. 141-160

摘要

善導大師的《觀經疏》將《觀無量壽佛經》中的十六觀區分為「定善」及「散善」兩門，涵蓋兩種不同的念佛法門。眾生的根機利鈍不同，「定善」修行者心念澄靜，適宜「觀想念佛」，即修最初的十三觀；但「散善」的人心意散亂，較宜「稱名念佛」，則修最後的三觀。由於「定善」十三觀是習定人作觀的方法，與傳統禪定的一些修法頗有關連。本文旨在闡析傳統如「三摩地」、「作意」、「隨念」、「念住」、「勝處」、「遍處」、「光明想」等禪法可以應用於「定善」念佛法門的實踐中。

關鍵字

十六觀 ； 定善門 ； 觀想念佛 ； 念佛法門

並列摘要

Master Shandao in his commentary of Guanjing distinguishes the sixteen contemplations into two kinds of buddha-anusmrti, i.e. ethical samādhi and ethical distraction. The ethical samādhi includes the first thirteen contemplations which are suitable for those intelligent faculties. The ethical distraction includes the last three contemplations which are suitable for those dull faculties. Since the ethical samādhi is practiced by those meditators, the essence of the practice is relevant to traditional meditative methods. The objective of this essay is to analyze the meditative methods of samādhi, mental application, anusmrti, base of mindfulness, victorious stages, universal stages and bright mindfulness, so as to demonstrate these can be applied to the practice of ethical samādhi.

並列關鍵字

sixteen contemplations ； ethical samādhi ； contemplation of Buddha ； buddha-anusmrti