人間淨土與彌陀淨土的轉換及其現代意義

Transferring from Amitābha's Pure Land to Humanistic Pure Land and its Significance in Modern Time

黃夏年(HUANG Xianian)

《眾力莊嚴．一佛圓滿——人間淨土與彌陀淨土》 2017年(下冊) (2017/12) Pp. 183-202

摘要

彌勒淨土是古印度社會背景下，佛教界為眾生死後的去處而提出的一種美好願望。人間淨土是在近現代佛教面臨積弱積衰情況下，提出的佛教改革思想，是佛教界根據社會需要與佛教發展而作出的新主張。兩種淨土思想背景不同，決定它們具有各自明顯特點。人間淨土，定位在此岸世界，在三界之內，把傳統佛教理論所說人死之之後，往生西方淨土思想拉回到現實中人間，將未來問題轉化為當下，使眾生可以在當下完成人格，拉近彼岸西方淨土世界與此岸世界距離。阿彌陀信仰是解決個體死後終極問題，是個人行為，強調重在參與。念誦阿彌陀佛名號，屬於是個人事情。人間淨土是社會行為與大眾行為，只能以人間辦法，走人間道路來做佛教的事情。傳統淨土思想是描繪了西方極樂美妙世界，人間淨土是建立在改造世界基礎上的人間世界。彌陀淨土作為古代佛教的觀念，主要是為瞭解決眾生死後問題而設置的。人間淨土是在對傳統佛教作出改革情況下，而做出的反動，不否認此世汙穢，強調要人把淨土放在當下，肯定這個世界，不是「離」是「入」，由否定而肯定。總之，人間淨土與彌勒淨土的當代轉換，是當代佛教界根據社會發展的具體情況而作出的一種對策，為當代中國佛教發展方向提供了思路。

關鍵字

人間佛教 ； 彌勒淨土 ； 人間淨土 ； 人生佛教

並列摘要

Amitābha's pure land is a kind of good wishes under the social background of ancient India, which is the destination that was put forward by Buddhist community after people died. Humanistic pure land is a kind of Buddhism reform thought, which was put forward by Buddhist community, is based on the situation of weakness of modern time's Buddhism, and it is also a new idea according to the needs of society and the development of Buddhism. These two kinds of pure land thought based on the different background, consequently, they have their own distinct characteristics. Humanistic pure land is positioning in the temporal world, and within the three divisions of the universe, the traditional theory of Buddhism believed that after people died, when they go back to the reality of human thought of the bliss western pure land, and transform future problems into the present, and make the personality of human beings can be completed in the moment, and make the distance between the bliss western pure land world and temporal world closer. Amitābha belief is to solve the individual ultimate problem after people died, and it is a personal behavior, and emphasis on participation. Recite the name of Amitābha is a personal thing. Humanistic pure land is the social behavior and the public behavior, and it just can be the normal way in the human's world, and to do what the human beings to do, to do the things of Buddhism. Traditional pure land thought is pictured the wonderful bliss western pure land, but the Humanistic pure land is based on the basis of the changing of the world. Amitābha's pure land as an ancient Buddhist idea, it is mainly set up in order to solve the problem after people died. Humanistic pure land is the reactionary, which is based on the situation of the revolution of the traditional Buddhism. It do not deny the filthy of the temporal world, and it is emphasizing people to put the pure land in the moment, and affirm the world, not ＂leave＂ but ＂in＂, and by negation and affirmation. After all, the transferring between the Humanistic pure land and Amitābha's pure land in the modern time is the strategy, which is made by modern Buddhist community, based on the specific situation of the development of the society, moreover, it provides a new way for the development of contemporary Chinese Buddhism.

並列關鍵字

Humanistic Buddhism ； Amitābha's Pure Land ； Humanistic Pure Land ； Life Buddhism