以自我決定理論及訊息處理理論觀點探討線上學習之內在動機與學習投入

隨著網路系統廣泛的建置及網路速度大幅的提升，再加上COVID-19的爆發，致使線上教學成為組織提供員工訓練及學校教學的主要替代方式之一。雖然線上教學具有許多優於實體面對面教學法的地方，但是線上教學的方式需透過電腦或使用其他的科技設備來進行，而學習者的學習動機以及學習投入對於線上課程學習成效的影響相當巨大。因此，本文根據「自我決策理論」和「訊息處理理論」，探討線上教學過程中「如何提高學習者的內在學習動機及學習投入」，亦即如何在學習的四個階段中，強化學習者的內在動機及學習投入。本文推論在線上教學「認知形成期」的階段，教學者需創造自主與分享的學習氛圍來提升並滿足學習者「自主性」的需求。在「知識內化期」階段，教學者需著重在提供正面回饋來提升並滿足學習者「勝任感」的需求。而在「反應及回饋期」的階段，教學者需著重在提供溫暖尊重的互動來提升並滿足學習者「關聯感」的需求。

關鍵字

線上教學；自我決策理論；訊息處理理論；內在學習動機；學習投入

並列摘要

Since the wide establishment of network system and rapid increase of the network speed, in conjunction with the outbreak of COVID-19, the online learning has become one of major alternatives for employee training and school education. There are many advantages of online learning over the traditional face-to-face learning methods, however, the computers and/or technological equipments are required to perform online learning. This raises several issues for instructors and learners. For example, the instructors need to well design the course and develop or adopt suitable teaching skills in order to maintain good interaction and deliver the feedback. The learners need to overcome the anxiety and the resistance to the online learning and actively engage in the studies. The demand of social interaction for the learners during the learning process needs to be met. Among many factors, learning motivation and learning engagement of the learners are crucial to influence learning effectiveness of the online learning. In this article, how to increase the learners' intrinsic motivation and learning engagement during online learning is discussed based on self-determination theory and information processing theory. That is, how to strengthen learners' intrinsic motivation and learning engagement at the four stages in the learning process. It is deduced that the instructor needs to create an autonomous and sharing atmosphere of learning to meet the need of autonomy in the stage of perceptual encoding. In the stage of central processing, the instructor needs to stress the positive feedback to fulfill the need of competence. In the stage of responding and feedback, the instructor needs to emphasize providing the thoughtful and respectful interaction with the learners to meet the need of relatedness.

並列關鍵字

online learning ； self-determination theory ； information processing theory ； intrinsic learning motivation ； learning engagement

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