參數型日流量模式之研究

水利工程師從事水資源規劃之時，若能掌握水文量之長期變化趨勢，則可正確擬定各項相關的水資源工程規劃與管理方案。有鑑於此，本研究比較現有的多種水文模式後，建立一個參數型日流量模式。此一參數型水文模擬模式綜合了水筒模式與史坦福模式的流程架構，具有三個逕流貯蓄層，而模式中僅有五個水文參數；相較於水筒模式或史坦福模式，本模式之水文參數較具有物理意義而且水文參數大量簡化，此外，模式所需資料於臺灣地區較容易取得。文中詳細描述模式中之各項水機制與計算方式，並將模式應用於實際集水區進行水文模擬。模式模擬結果顯示，本模式可得到良好的模擬結果，並且模式參數亦能適切地反應集水區之水文與地文狀況。因此，本研究所建立之參數型水文模式，應可應用於臺灣地區集水區之日流量模擬，以提供水資源工程規劃設計之參考。

關鍵字

參數型逕流模式；連續性模擬；日流量

並列摘要

Water resources design works are always based on hydrologic simulation models to establish their management policy. In this study, a parametric daily runoff simulation model was developed for hydrologic design works in Taiwan. Based on the structures of Tank model and Stanford watershed model IV, storages in three zones, namely: fast response zone, slow response zone, and groundwater zone, are accounted for computation routines to convert rainfall into runoff, and only five parameters are included in this daily runoff model. The physical characteristics of the parameters in this model are more explicit than those in the Tank model. Furthermore, the number of parameters is greatly reduced in this model while comparing with Tank model and Stanford watershed model IV, and all the parameters are available in Taiwan area. The model structure and computation routines are detailedly described in this paper. Hydrologic records from two example watersheds were selected for model application. The records and the simulation results show good agreement, and the model parameters can reflect the hydrologic and geomorphic characteristics of the study watersheds. Hence, the model is promising to be a useful tool for daily runoff simulation in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Parametric runoff model ； Continuous simulation ； Daily discharge

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