單一水庫系統缺水特性之探討

水庫的主要功能為調配地表水資源，惟在持續增加的需水量或嚴重乾旱情況下，水庫供水量有時無法滿足旣定的需水量。如何對單一水庫系統可能遭受的缺水現象給予適當的描述及以缺水特性來定義水庫供水能力是本文的主要目的。本文以供需間之關係來定義缺水，即當水庫供水量無法滿足需水量時即為缺水。所探討的缺水特性包括缺水延時、缺水量、缺水率及缺水頻率，本文並依缺水時刻的長短分爲單時刻缺水、缺水事件、年度缺水及整體時程等四個層次來綜合分析缺水現象。除整體時程分析可得單一係數外，其餘分析結果均以機率分佈來表示，缺水風險分析則以不同缺水量之迴歸期來表示。本文並建議一組七項，包括系統描述、系統營運方式、需水量、流量紀錄、供水能力、缺水特性、缺水風險，由系統基本特性及缺水特性來定義水庫供水能力。文後則以簡化的石門水庫系統為例說明前述方法的實用性。

關鍵字

缺水；缺水指數；供水標準

並列摘要

The major function of reservoirs is the regulation of surface water resources. However, the water supply from reservoirs is insufficient to satisfy the predetermined demands for the rapid growth demands or during severe droughts. In this study, the water shortage characteristics of a single-reservoir system are studied and used as a criterion for water supply systems. The water shortage is defined by the supply-demand relationship, i.e., water shortage is defined when the water supply can't meet the demand for a specific water resources system. Water shortage characteristics, including duration, severity, shortage rate, and shortage frequency, are summarized by four different time level analyses, single interval, event, annual, and entire period analysis. All the results are described by the probabilistic distributions except the entire period analysis that resulted in a single coefficient. In this study, seven items, including system description, operating policy, demands, flow series, supply criterion, shortage characteristics and risk analysis, are recommended to define the water supply for a specific water resources system. Finally, the simplified Shihmen Reservoir system is used as an example to illustrate the above proposed methodology.

並列關鍵字

Water Shortage ； Shortage Index ； Supply Criterion

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