石門、翡翠兩水庫及其防洪操作對淡水河流域下游河道洪水量之影響初探

A Preliminary Study on the Mitigating Effects in Tan-shui River System Due to the Reservoir Operations of Shih-men and Fei-tsui Dams During Floods

簡振和(CHEN-HO CHIEN)

《台灣水利》 47卷3期 (1999/09) Pp. 87-98

摘要

淡水河流域目前有石門及翡翠兩座水庫，除在平時可攔蓄水量以供河川低水流量季節利用外，在洪水時期則可執行調洪及減洪之工作。兩水庫由於集水面積（石門及翡翠兩水庫分別爲763.4 km^2及303 km^2）合計約佔淡水河全流域面積（集水面積為2,726 km^2）之四成（39.12%），因此對流域下游地區洪水位（量）之調節便顯得重要，在颱洪時期，倘吾人能掌握先機預先對兩水庫採取必要之措施，則可有效防範水患災害於未然而大幅提高人民生命及財產安全之保障。大台北地區，除繼續完成各項旣定防洪工程之硬体設施外，尋求其他非工程結構性之措施－例如於防洪時期，利用淡水河流域兩水庫來調節洪水以消減洪患，亦不失為另類有效解決方法之一。惟過去乃至目前，吾人對於該兩水庫之防洪操作，尚未有人提出量化之充份數據，以彰顯彼等對調節淡水河下游地區洪水量以達減洪目的之成效。本文利用過去颱洪事件以及石門及翡翠兩水庫實際防洪操作之記錄資料，分析兩水庫對淡水河流域下游河道洪水位（量）減洪之成效，並進一步探討兩水庫及其防洪操作對淡水河流域下游地區洪水量之影響。本研究較著重實務應用面，該項研究結果可提供作為水庫防洪操作決策、淡水河洪水預報以及大台北防洪檢討等利用。

關鍵字

水庫操作 ； 防洪演算

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to provide the results of a preliminary study on the mitigating effects during floods in Tan-shui River system, due to reservoir operations by Shih-men and Fei-tsui Dams. As far as the safety of reservoir is concerned, the current operation rules are employed during the simulations. The simulated results demonstrate that suitable reservoir operations will be able to mitigate the downstream flood disaster. It is hoped that this preliminary study may help to initiate a better solution, a non-structural measures, to the flood control as well as water resources conservation without jeopardizing the dam safely in a near future.

並列關鍵字

Reservoir operation ； Flood routing