應用地文性淹水模式進行降雨－逕流模擬之研究

台灣地狹人稠，集水區往往過度開發利用，且道路、排水路、房舍與田埂縱橫交錯，實非單純之自然集水區，致使常用之降雨－逕流模式，不足以模擬此種地形、地物複雜且無測站地區的降雨－逕流過程。為考慮集水區地形、地物與河系主、支流分佈對逕流歷線之影響，本研究建立地文性淹水模式，以水流連續方程式與流量律演算集水區各局部地區之水流關係。並將此模式應用於曾文水庫及典寶溪之上游集水區，結果顯示實測記錄地區有良好模擬結果，且於無記錄地區具與HEC-1模式相同之解析能力，並且地文性淹水模式除可考量集水區地形、地物與河系主、支流分佈對降雨－逕流過程之影響外，亦可得集水區內滯留水體之水歷深線，故較HEC-1模式適用於地形、地物複雜之無監測地區。

關鍵字

地文性淹水模式；降雨－逕流模擬；自然集水區

並列摘要

Taiwan has limited land with dense population, so most watersheds are over-developed. Moreover, the roads are mingled with drain channels, buildings and farmlands. It has already been far beyond natural watershed. Hence we couldn't apply common rainfall-runoff model for simulating the rainfall-runoff process of ungaged area with complicated terrain and surface features. In order to consider the influence of terrain, surface features, main streams and branches distribution for runoff hydrograph, our research utilize water-flow continuity equation and rule of discharge exchange to drill in water-flow relationship between each local area in the watershed. In this research, we develop a geographic inundation model (PI model), and we apply this model to upper watershed in Zend-Wen Reservoir and Dian-Bao River. The results reveal that PI model can get excellent simulation for those regions with observation station and it has the same rainfall-runoff simulation ability as HEC-1 model in ungauged areas. In addition, We consider the effects of terrain, surface feature, main stream and branches distribution on the rainfall-runoff process via geographic inundation model. Furthermore, we obtain the depth histogram for detention water in watershed by means of this model. The model is more applicable than HEC-1 to simulate for watershed with complex topography and surface features.

並列關鍵字

Physiographic inundation model ； Rainfall-runoff simulation ； Natural watershed

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