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台灣地區水資源與世界水資源之比較

Water Resources Between Taiwan and the World

摘要


台灣地區水資源狀況受人口成長之影響及與世界其他國家之比較爲本文之研究重點。本文使用水源壓力指數(每人每年分配之可再生水源)及水資源傷害度(同時考慮每人每年分配之可再生水源及用水量與可再生水源之比例)二項指標探討一地區之水資源狀況。台灣地區年可再生水源約為每年708億立方公尺,以1990年為例,台灣地區人口數為2,035.5萬人,因此水源壓力指數為3,479立方公尺,歸類於水源充裕(每人每年分配之可再生水源高於1,667立方公尺);當年總用水量爲193億立方公尺,佔可再生水源之27.3%,因此水資源傷害度屬於第一級,亦即無傷害(每人每年分配之可再生水源介於2,000至10,000立方公尺間且用水量與可再生水源之比例低於40%)。依據此二指標,在經建會對未來人口成長的預估及總用水量低於每年200億立方公尺的條件下,至2051年台灣地區仍維持在水源充裕及水資源無傷害的地區。上述二指標爲描述人口成長對自然資源的限制,且均使用國家及年計資料,因此僅爲對一國家水資源狀況之平均性描述,且未包括供需水間的關係,對於水資源季節性的變化、短時期或區域性的缺水狀況均無法具體顯現。雖然該二指標指出台灣地區屬於水資源充裕及水資源無傷害的地區,台灣地區過去曾發生過的缺水狀況在未來嚴重乾旱時期仍可能發生。

並列摘要


In this paper, the water resources situation of Taiwan is compared with those of other countries in the world. Two indices, water stress index (defined as the annual renewable water availability per capita) and water resources-based vulnerability (joint consideration of available supply relative to population and the relative magnitude of use relative to available supply) are used to investigate the water resources situation of each country. In 1990, 3,497 m^3 renewal water availability per capita and approximate 27.3% use-availability ratio are observed in Taiwan. Therefore, Taiwan is classified as the category of water-abundant and has no WRV. According to the future population projection and under the condition of annual water consumption less than 20 billion m^3, Taiwan still belongs to the water-abundant and no WRV area to the Year 2051. However, national and annual data used in both indices, these two indices cannot be used to assess the condition of short term or local water shortage. The water shortage caused by severe droughts in Taiwan is still possible in the future.

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