基於三維水動力學模型的糯紮渡水庫水溫數值模擬研究

大型水庫易出現水溫分層現象，水庫水溫分層會嚴重減弱水體垂向混合能力,對水庫及水庫下游的生態環境產生負面影響。因此對水庫水溫進行模擬預測具有重要的理論和現實意義。為了研究糯紮渡水庫水溫分佈及水庫下泄水溫變化規律。本文依據糯紮渡水庫的水文水力特徵，考慮水庫入流、出流及氣象等邊界條件，採用MIKE 3軟體構建糯紮渡水庫水溫數值模擬模型，將其應用於糯紮渡水庫平水年水溫模擬，分析庫區水溫分佈情況。結果表明，糯紮渡水庫為典型的水溫分層型水庫，水庫表層入流斷面和壩前斷面水溫差值與壩前水溫垂向分佈上的水溫差值均隨氣溫和入庫水溫的升高而增大；水庫12月－次年4月的下泄水溫高於天然河道水溫，5月－11月的下泄水溫低於天然河道水溫；採取提高疊梁門高程的運行方式可以提高水庫下泄水溫，減少對下游河道帶來不利影響。糯紮渡水庫水溫數值模擬研究可以為水庫管理者提供科學合理的管理運行方式，為河道生態系統健康提供科學保障。

關鍵字

糯紮渡水庫；水溫分層；下泄水溫；三維模型；數值模擬

並列摘要

Water temperature stratification is prone to occur in large-scale reservoirs, which will seriously weaken the vertical mixing capacity of water bodies and negatively influence the ecological environment downstream of reservoirs as well as the reservoirs. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to simulate and predict reservoir water temperature. In order to study the distribution of water temperature and the variation rule of reservoir discharge temperature of the Nuozhadu reservoir, The MIKE 3 software is used to construct the numerical simulation model of the water temperature, simulate the annual water temperature, and analyze the water temperature distribution in the reservoir area; MIKE 3 software is based on the hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of Nuozhadu reservoir as well as the boundary conditions of reservoir inflow, outflow and meteorology. The results show that the Nuozhadu Reservoir is a typical water-temperature stratified reservoir. The differences of water temperature between reservoir inflow section and dam front section, as well as the differences of water temperature over vertical distribution rises with the increase of temperature and the temperature of water that flows into the reservoir. The discharge temperature of the reservoir from December to April of the following year is higher than the natural river water temperature, but the temperature of the discharge from May to November is lower than the that of natural channel. Adopting the operation mode of raising the elevation of the stacked beam door can improve the temperature of the reservoir discharge and reduce the adverse impact on downstream river channel. The numerical simulation study of the water temperature of the Nuozhadu Reservoir can provide a scientific and rational management operation mode for the reservoir managers and provide scientific guarantee for the health of the river ecosystem.

並列關鍵字

Nuozhadu Reservoir ； water temperature stratification ； water temperature of discharge ； three-dimensional model ； numerical simulation

國際替代計量

基於三維水動力學模型的糯紮渡水庫水溫數值模擬研究

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