Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contamination with Calculating the Pollution Index for Ganga River System

恆河河流系統之重金屬污染評估與污染指數計算

Gagan Matta ； Anjali Nayak ； Avinash Kumar ； Pawan Kumar ； Amit Kumar ； Ashwani K. Tiwari ； Pradeep K. Naik

《台灣水利》 68卷3期 (2020/09) Pp. 52-65

https://doi.org/10.6937/TWC.202009/PP_68(3).0005

摘要

The aim of the study was to evaluate the water contamination in terms of heavy metals by applying heavy metal pollution index (HPI). Surface water samples were collected from 20 sampling locations throughout the Ganga River during winter pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The concentrations of Al, Cd, Mg, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the heavy metals concentrations showed significant seasonality and most variables exhibited higher levels in the summer season. The HPI value for winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon season were found 73.23, 79.18, 66.40 and 67.01 respectively. The HPI of the river surface water computed for the sampling sites indicate great variations ranging from 41.74 to 97.77. This study explains the important of applying the pollution index along with chemometric analysis, that gather information on water quality in integrated approach could better facilitate the water resource management.

關鍵字

Heavy Metals ； River Ganga ； Toxicity ； Water Pollution ； Seasonal variations ； HPI

並列摘要

本研究旨在通過應用重金屬污染指數（HPI）以評估恆河中的重金屬污染情況。研究團隊在三個不同季節（冬季季風前、季風期、季風後），於沿河的20個採樣點進行表層水的取樣。並通過使用原子吸收光譜法檢測鋁（Al）、鎘（Cd）、鎂（Mg）、鈷（Co）、銅（Cu）、鐵（Fe）、錳（Mn）、鉛（Pb）、鎳（Ni）、鋅（Zn）之濃度。結果顯示，重金屬濃度具有顯著的季節性，並且多數在夏季時明顯上升。冬季、夏季、季風期、季風後的重金屬污染指數（HPI）分別為73.23、79.18、66.40和67.01。20個採樣點的河水重金屬污染指數（HPI）從41.74到97.77不等，具有明顯差異。本文展示了同時應用污染指數及化學計量學分析的重要性，通過整合型方法收集水質資料，以進行更有效的水資源管理。

並列關鍵字

重金屬 ； 恆河 ； 毒性 ； 水污染 ； 季節性變化 ； 重金屬污染指數（HPI）

參考文獻

Abbasi, S.A.,Abbasi, N.,Soni, R.(1998).Heavy Metals in the Environment”. Mittal Publications, New Delhi. ability of modified citrus and durian rind pectin.Carbohydr Polym.79(3),584-589.

Akcay, H.,Orguz, A.,Karapire, C.(2003).Study of heavy metal pollution and speciation in Buyak Menderesand Gediz river sediments.Water Research.37,813-822.

Ansari, A.A.,Singh, I.B.,Tobschall, H.J.(1999).Status of anthropogenically induced metal pollution in the Kanpur-Unnao industrial region of the Ganga Plain, India.Environmental Geology.38,25-33.

APHA,AWWA,WEF(2012).Standard Methods for examination of water and wastewater.Washington:American Public Health Association.

Bai, J.H.,Cui, B.S.,Xu, X.F.,Ding, Q.Y.,Gao, H.F.(2009).Heavy Metal Contamination in Riverine Soils Upstream and Downstream of a Hydroelectric Dam on the Lancang River, China.Environ. Eng. Sci.26,941-946.