物聯網技術精進灌溉管理應用探討

臺灣在降雨時間、空間上分佈不均的情況下，經常發生水、旱災事件，尤其是缺水風險高的南部地區，豐枯降雨比例約9:1，致使南部地區每年11月至隔年5月經常發生枯旱狀況，常態或極端性的乾旱問題持續存在，對於區域水資源經營調度壓力更形加劇，而水資源短少的情況更將影響我國工、商及農業等經濟發展。為解決極端降雨帶來的影響，並善加發揮我國具前瞻性的雲端監測技術，結合我國領先國際的農業灌溉管理經驗與科技研發能力，農田水利自2005年開始發展水文自動測報系統，相關軟硬體技術在漸趨成熟條件下，於2018年採物聯網（Internet of Things, IoT）技術，建構農田水利水文監測系統，應用於灌溉用水管理及災害預防應變，以協助南部地區進行水資源精進管理，俾配合農業生產及節水方式，共同面對及解決氣候變遷下水資源短缺之情況。在完成以物聯網技術達成現地系統及後端管理平台建置後，嘉南大圳經由輔以渠道水量彙算及渠道水理計算等模組，可進行智慧灌溉用水調配，掌控最佳放水量，以提升供水調配效率，可使啟動非常灌溉或停灌休耕之滿足度由原先之50%下修至40%；高雄復興渠則經由精進灌溉節水計畫的系統建置，利用雨量監控，於下游達到有效降雨量時，即以訊息通知管理人員減供水量，以系統計算及紀錄節省水量，具有可蓄留所節省水量於阿公店水庫之優勢。而在北部的桃園地區則易有豪大雨形成區域性降雨，其進入桃園大圳渠道的水量，若於缺水時期能善加掌握，則可適時補充並蓄積於貯水池，而貯水池亦可發揮滯洪功能，同時達到減災及補充灌溉用水之目標，於物聯網科技的輔助建置下，在桃園大圳幹線水量輸送至貯水池的調配管理決策上，具有良好成效，可作為各用水管理單位在面臨氣候變遷、極端天候經常發生的水資源管理挑戰應變之參考。

關鍵字

幹線；貯水池；灌溉管理；物聯網

並列摘要

Many flood and drought events occur in Taiwan due to the uneven rainfall in time and space. In particular, the ratio of high and low rainfall in southern Taiwan is about 9:1, resulting in drought conditions more frequently in the southern region from November to May. Normal or extreme drought problems continue to exist. The shortage of water resources affects our country's industrial, commercial and agricultural economies development. To alleviate the effect caused by extreme rainfall, this study applied the forward-looking cloud monitoring technology, combined with advanced agricultural irrigation management experience and scientific research and development capabilities. The farmland water conservancy has developed the hydrology monitoring system since 2005, and is being upgraded to Internet of Things (IoT) technology from 2018. The relative application significantly helps the irrigation water management and disaster prevention, and assists the southern area on water resource precision management against the climate change. After the establishment in field station and management system of Chia-Nan Main Canal, it has the capability to strengthen the adjustment of water delivery and distribution system, which the satisfaction of starting extraordinary irrigation or stopping irrigation could be reduced from 50% to 40%, which can be further used as a reference for water management units to respond to the challenges of water resources management when facing the climate change and extreme weather. In the system of Fu-Shin-Chu Main Canal in Kaohsiung, through the water level monitoring and data analysis of the return flow in the demonstration area, the system will properly control the drainage gate when the water level reaches the alert in the demonstration area with a safety mechanism module. Through establishing the system of the Irrigation Water Saving Project, rainfall monitoring is utilized. When an effective rainfall occurred in downstream, the manager will be notified to reduce the water supply by a message, and the system will calculate and record the amount of water saved. Since the water source comes from the Agongdian Reservoir, the system has the advantage of storing water in reservoirs. In the northern part like Tao-Yuan area, usually occurs sudden heavy shower rainfall, causing a great amount of water into Tao-Yuan Main Canal. The system advises the manager with water allocating suggestions, facilitating the function of farm ponds in terms of flood disaster detention and water capture during the water shortage period. The decision-making on water allocation and delivery to farm ponds are well assisted under the technology support from IoT. This application and results can be referenced by other water management authorities to against the water resource challenge caused by climate change.

並列關鍵字

Main Canal ； Farm Pond ； Irrigation Management ； Internet of Things (IoT)

參考文獻

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