以能力培養觀點探討室內圖學課程教學存在的問題

圖學（Drawing）為設計產業中重要的基礎能力之一，亦是不可或缺的溝通工具。室內圖學（Interior Drawing）則是室內設計作品中一切構想、發展、呈現、溝通之交流手段，包括圖面作業規則與表現技術。由於語言無法精準的表達設計師的想法，因此須透過圖學的能力運用以傳達腦中的設計規劃，然而現今的設計教育中，學生容易認為圖學只是必須學習的一門課程，而缺少運用圖學、活用圖學的能力。且隨著時代變遷，業界的圖學應用早已不同於以往的尺規工具製圖，學界的圖學教育與未來業界的圖學需求，育人與用人之間存在落差。因此，本研究的主要目的為：1.瞭解大學室內設計圖學課程的現況與問題2.瞭解室內圖學教師對圖學課程的目的3.瞭解從業室內設計師對圖學能力的需求。研究藉由文獻回顧法探討圖學能力的需求，並透過教師、室內設計產業經營者的訪談，探討室內圖學能力培養的期待，並分為目標與需求、訓練與應用以及成效與檢討三個主要面向。研究綜合了室內圖學課程的教學現況及專家訪談的比較，提出以下六點問題，圖學能力對於教師與經營者來說均是做為溝通工具的存在，且都認為是設計中的基礎能力，但在目的上較為不同，部分教師認為圖學是做為表達設計創意的工具，部分經營者則認為，圖學是做為對工程理解的重要依據，因此學生對產業需求之室內設計圖面與相關的標準知之甚少。1.圖學教師對於圖學能力的目標、評量未能有統一標準，與產業的評量標準稍有落差，間接導致學生具備之能力的程度不同，並與產業的需求產生落差。2.多數學校以製圖技術的訓練為主要教學目標，而學生對於圖學課的問題均出現在識圖能力的空間轉換問題上。3.教學使用工具製圖的訓練方式已經與產業的電腦繪圖產生明顯的落差。4.圖學教師對於圖學能力的內容、進度未能有統一標準，間接導致學生具備之能力的程度不同，並與產業的需求產生落差。5.大多數圖學課程訓練以示範教學為主，透過教師的示範後，學生再自主練習，導致圖說的理解只能由學生自行理解。6.在教學階段訓練的圖學能力因教學時數、系院目標、場地條件等因素造成學生能力不足以負荷產業中的需求，設計工作階段的訓練往往成為學生在職場中圖學能力的主要來源。

關鍵字

圖學；室內圖學；圖學能力；能力培養

並列摘要

Drawing is one of the most important basic skills in the design industry and an indispensable communication tool. Interior Drawing is the means of communication for conceptualizing, developing, presenting, and communicating all interior design works, including the rules of drawing and presentation techniques. Since language cannot accurately express the designer's ideas, the ability of drawing must be used to convey the design planning in the brain. With the change of time, the application of graphics in the industry has long been different from the previous ruler tool for drawing, and there is a gap between the graphics education in the academia and the future demand of graphics in the industry, and between education and use. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are: 1. to understand the current status and problems of interior design graphics courses in universities; 2. to understand the objectives of interior graphics teachers for graphics courses; and 3. to understand the needs of working interior designers for graphics skills. The study explored the demand for graphic competency through literature review method and explored the expectations of interior graphic competency development through interviews with teachers and interior design industry operators, and was divided into three main areas: objectives and needs, training and application, and effectiveness and review. The study synthesizes the current teaching situation of interior graphics courses and the comparison of expert interviews, and raises the following six questions. The students have little knowledge of the interior design drawings and related standards required by the industry. 1. The objectives and assessment of the graphical skills of the graphical teachers are not standardized, and there is a slight discrepancy between the assessment standards and those of the industry, which indirectly leads to the different levels of students' abilities and the discrepancy with the needs of the industry. 2. Most of the schools focus on the training of drawing skills, and the students' problems in drawing courses are related to the spatial conversion of drawing skills. 3. The training in the design work phase often becomes the main source of the students' graphic ability in the workplace.

並列關鍵字

drawing ； interior drawing ； drawing skills ； competency training

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