芳香療法對降低護理人員工作壓力成效：系統性文獻回顧與統合分析

Effectiveness of aromatherapy for decreasing work stress among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

洪毓欣(Yu-Hsin Hung) ； 劉姿妤(Tzu-Yu Liu) ； 陳珆琳(Yi-Lin Chen) ； 方靜如(Ching-Ju Fang) ； 李歡芳(Huan-Fang Lee)

《自然療法暨健康促進期刊》 1卷1期 (2022/11) Pp. 30-42

https://doi.org/10.30192/JNTHP.202211_1(1).0003

摘要

背景：護理人員長期處於高壓的工作環境，需要適當方式來舒緩工作壓力。芳香療法有簡便易操作的特性，常被廣為使用，但降低工作壓力成效尚未有一致結果。目的：以系統文獻回顧與統合分析法，探討芳香療法對護理人員工作壓力成效。方法：依照Cochrane系統性文獻回顧指引，進行系統性文獻回顧與統合分析。搜尋於2021年7月以前所刊登之文獻，其中包含台灣期刊論文索引系統、華藝線上圖書館、Ovid Medline、Embase、Scopus、Cochrane Library、PBSC與CINAHL共八個中英文資料庫，並且以「芳香療法」、「護理師」、「工作壓力」等詞語作為關鍵字與控制詞彙。納入文獻以JBI評讀工具（Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist）評析文獻證據等級，再依據ROB 2.0工具（Risk of Bias 2.0 tool）評估文獻品質。統計資料以CMA Software進行合併分析。結果：共搜出403篇文獻，經篩選、刪除重複與排除不符條件，最終納入5篇文獻。文獻品質有4篇為高風險，1篇為有些疑慮。整體合併分析結果，芳香療法對於降低護理人員的工作壓力有顯著差異（p=.026）。依使用途徑做次群體分析結果，嗅吸法對於降低工作壓力有顯著差異（p=.022）；按摩法對於降低工作壓力無顯著差異（p=0.623）。結論：芳香療法對降低護理師的工作壓力有正向影響，但仍需要有更多高品質的文獻以強化實證效果證據力。

關鍵字

護理人員 ； 精油 ； 芳香療法 ； 工作壓力

並列摘要

Purpose: This study aims to prove whether aromatherapy can really make a difference in nurses' stress levels by employing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was followed as the guideline for our research. Two authors screened published articles before July 2021 from eight electronic databases, including Taiwan Periodical Literature System, Airiti Library, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PBSC and CINAHL. The following keywords and MesH terms were applied to search for articles regarding nurses, aromatherapy, and work stress. Level of evidence was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute, and quality was assessed by Risk of bias 2.0 tool (Rob 2.0 tool). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA) was utilized as the tool for meta-analysis. Results: The researchers found 403 relevant articles, and 5 randomized controlled trial articles were selected for analysis. Four articles were assessed as high risk, and the other with some concerns. Overall, aromatherapy was found to be significantly effective for nurses' work stress (p=.026). The subgroup analysis showed that direct inhalation of essential oils was significant for decreasing nurses' work stress (p= .022), but massage was not (p=0.623). Conclusion: Aromatherapy had a positive impact on decreasing nurses' stress levels. Nevertheless, more high-quality research should be conducted to strength the evidence.

並列關鍵字

nurses ； aromatherapy ； work stress