以漢斯利克音樂美學觀點探討丹尼爾．雲．坎波斯《公車站》

近年來街舞文化發展蓬勃，街舞從街頭非主流漸漸浮上檯面，從街頭恣意的跳舞，逐漸結合不同的表演方式最後上了國家劇場演出，這個過程歷經許多跨文化跨領域的結合。研究者於2019年8月在Youtube網路平臺看了來自中國成都的舞蹈賽事，「Arena舞朝全球競技場」，其中一位來自洛杉磯的評審－丹尼爾雲．坎波斯（Daniel Cloud Campos），將街舞的元素「動畫舞」（Animation）結合默劇、爵士舞等風格呈現了一個舞作《公車站》。鑒於研究者對於美學及街舞濃厚的興趣，以及該作品中使用大量街舞的動畫舞技巧，而加上該舞蹈風格的美學研究文獻相當匱乏，特別是臺灣街舞族群實作重於學術而導致的缺失，因而引起本研究者想從美學觀點來探討該作品的動機。本研究針對漢斯利克的自律美學觀點及美學基礎概念、街舞美學之文獻資料進行彙整，以文獻分析法、比較法進行研究問題的探討，將《公車站》中使用的舞蹈技巧作一整理。之後利用蒐集而得的文獻與資料，整理歸納出美學相關構面層級進行探討。研究者發現此一作品中使用的技巧「動畫舞」，就是參考1929年早期迪士尼的作品《汽船威利號》（Steam Boat Willie）延伸而來的舞蹈技巧，通過緊縮肌肉並使用類似於一幀一幀的閃爍畫面和模仿機器人的技術來進行僵硬而生澀的舞蹈動作。這些動作在撇除了音樂後，單獨觀看舞蹈的部分，可以看出肢體穩定的出力向量及對稱的線條，相當符合漢斯利克的音樂美學理念。本研究從漢斯利克（Eduard Hanslic）自律美學觀點探討丹尼爾．雲．坎波斯的作品《公車站》，其研究內容包括：（一）丹尼爾．雲．坎波斯生平與創作，（二）《公車站》文獻探討，（三）街舞中的動畫舞（四）街舞美學微探（五）結論。透過研究發現該作品除了使用動畫舞技巧之外，更結合許多舞蹈風格及默劇的手法編排將音樂透過肢體視覺化。這樣融合各種舞蹈技巧的作品稱作個人風格編舞（Choreography），相較於純粹的街舞，個人風格編舞更注重有意識的對形式「美」的打磨，兼具街舞的自由活力與古典理念的形式美，毫無疑問更容易被非舞者的廣大受眾所接受。

關鍵字

《公車站》；丹尼爾．雲．坎波斯；街舞；美學；動畫舞；迪士尼

並列摘要

In recent years, hip-hop culture has developed and popularized, and it has gradually become the main activity on the countertop from the non-mainstream culture on the street. At first, it was just people dancing on the street casually, gradually combining diverse performance methods, and finally having the opportunity to board the national theater for performances. This process has experienced many cross-cultural and cross-domain integration and compatibility. In August 2019, the author watched the dance event "ARENA URBAN GLOBAL" from Chengdu, China on the online platform Youtube. Among them, a jury from Los Angeles, Daniel Cloud Campos, combined the elements of street dance "Animation" with mime, jazz, etc. to present a work "Bus Stop". As the author has a considerable passion for aesthetics and street dance, it was found that the work used various animation dance skills in street dance, however, there is a lack of relevant aesthetic research literature on this dance style, especially the lack of implementation of Taiwanese street dance group over academic. Therefore, this situation triggered the author's motivation to further explore the work from an aesthetic point of view. This research summarizes the aesthetic viewpoints and basic concepts of street dance and related literature of street dance aesthetics, and conducts an in-depth discussion of research issues with document analysis and comparative method, so as to organize the dance techniques used in Bus Stop. After that, the author used the collected documents and materials to further organize and summarize the aesthetic-related aspects for discussion. The author found that the technique "Animation" used in this work refers to the dance technique extended from the early Disney work "Steam Boat Willie" in 1929. By tensioning the muscles and using flashing pictures similar to each frame while imitating the technology of the robot, the stiff and jerky dance moves are performed. After breaking away from the framework of music, when watching the dance part alone, from these movements, it can be seen that the stable output vector and symmetrical lines of the limbs are quite in line with Hanslick's musical aesthetic concept. This study is based on the paper "Aesthetic Analysis of Street Dance" by Fan Yahui, Wang Hong, and Sun Haijing of China West Normal University in Sichuan, and discusses Bus Stop by Daniel Cloud Campos in depth. This research includes: (I) Daniel Cloud Campos's life and creation discussion, (II) Related literature discussion of "Bus Stop", (III) animation movements in street dance (IV) Discussion on hip-hop aesthetics (V) Conclusion. It can be deduced from the research process that in addition to the use of animation movements, the work also combines many dance styles and the arrangement of mime, and then visualizes the music through the limbs. Such a fusion of various dance skills can be called personal style choreography. Compared with pure street dance, personal style choreography pays more attention to consciously thinking about the form of "beauty". This form of beauty that combines the freedom, vitality and classic ideas of street dance is undoubtedly more easily accepted by the general public who are not dancers.

並列關鍵字

Bus Stop ； Daniel Cloud Campos ； street dance ； aesthetics ； animation ； Disney

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