試以社會戲劇析論「牽亡歌陣」儀式演出的社會意涵

「牽亡歌陣」是臺灣的一種傳統民俗喪葬儀式，其法事科儀之目的在於引領亡者魂魄前往西方極樂世界，並透過表演來撫慰在世親屬對於失去親人的哀痛。在該演出形式上屬於傳統戲曲中的「歌舞小戲」陣頭，儀式演藝團隊在其中透過道士作法結合表演者歌唱、唸白、特技動作、舞蹈與後場樂師伴奏來構成完整的演出，除了儀式的宗教意義也展現了具特殊性的傳統表演美學。本文將從英國人類學家維克多．特納（Victor Witter Turner）所提出的「社會戲劇」（social drama）理論出發，透過其視角來對牽亡歌陣的相關儀式流程及其內容進行拆解分析，以此闡述其中社會功能及演出意涵，並從中延伸討論其演出型態可借鏡於當代表演實踐之處。

關鍵字

社會戲劇；牽亡歌陣；儀式；劇場；表演

並列摘要

The "Cian-Wáng-Ge-Jhèn" is a traditional folk funeral ceremony in Taiwan. Its purpose is to guide the souls of the dead to the Western Paradise and to soothe their relatives' grief through performances. Such a performance belongs to the "Small Song and Dance" category in Taiwanese traditional opera. To complete the performance, the ritual performance troupe must include a Taoist priest performing rites, as well as singing, recitations, stunts, and dances by performers, with musicians playing in the background. Religious function aside, the rituals also demonstrate a unique traditional performance aesthetics. This article starts off from British anthropologist Victor Witter Turner's social drama theory which serves to analyze the form and content of Cian-Wáng-Ge-Jhèn soa s to explain its social function and significance. From an anthropological perspective, I attempt to interpret the ritual as a theatre performance, and through related performances and theater theory, I shall further explored the aesthetics manifested within.

並列關鍵字

Social Drama ； Cian-Wáng-Ge-Jhèn ； Rituals ； Theater ； Performance

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