马来西亚中学母语教育的隐忧──以1993至2016年初中中文试卷为研究视角

马来西亚的中文教育是华人的母语教育。然而，近几年的中文考生人数自中学初中阶段开始骤减。当地华人社会为此忧心，一般多归咎于不利母语的教育政策和家长子女崇洋心态。然而，外在因素不比学生的实际问题来得实在，因此学生必须面对的试卷相信是学生不考中文的关键之一。本文特以微观视角，对1993至2016年的马来西亚初中中文试卷逐步分析。研究发现，共24年的初中中文试卷虽然在评估方式上有所改变，但是评估水平尚高，考生的压力不减。简答题取代选择题，作文书写体裁趋向自由题等评估改变使考生花更多的时间与精力去准备和应付考试。学生能力和考试门槛有所差距，是中文母语教育的隐忧，需进一步探索。

關鍵字

中文；母语教育；中学；教育问题；试卷

並列摘要

Despite efforts by the Malaysian Chinese to preserve Chinese language education in schools, the number of candidates sitting for Chinese language at lower secondary level national examinations has seen continuous decline over the years. Many blame the educational policy that is unsupportive of mother-tongue education and parents who idolise Western culture. Nonetheless, external factors remain secondary. The examination paper itself may be one of the most crucial factors resulting in students' self-withdrawal. This paper thus takes on a micro-perspective by scrutinising lower secondary national examinations of Chinese language papers from 1993 to 2016. The findings demonstrate that although the method of assessment had undergone changes, the standard of assessment remains high and pressure felt by candidates were not lightened. For instance, multiple-choice questions were replaced with structured questions and essay writing was inclined towards creative writing which required longer hours and extra effort from the students to prepare and cope with the examination. The gap between the high standard of assessment and the ability of candidates is a hidden problem for Chinese language education and further studies are needed to explore this complex issue at secondary school level.

並列關鍵字

Chinese language ； first language ； secondary education ； education issue ； examination paper

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