- 學位論文
建立臺灣褐地再開發流程及排序評估工具
Establish the Redevelopment Procedure and Priority Assessment of Brownfield in Taiwan
摘要
台灣地狹人稠，卻擁有許多受到污染的土地。除去因污染程度較輕而較易整治的農地外，其他類型污染控制場址共220筆，整治場址共66筆，總面積約640萬平方公尺，但目前控制與整治場址解除列管率僅達29.5%及6%，原因在於整治目標過於嚴格且沒有財政誘因，使整治成本過高及拉長整治時程，造成資金不願投入。而這些污染場址的買賣及再開發皆受到土污法限制，使土地再利用面臨困境。其不僅危害場址附近居民健康，也造成許多土地廢棄閒置，嚴重浪費土地資源。 事實上，許多國家也同樣面臨土地廢棄，污染等問題。為了達到土地永續使用，保護居民及環境，這些土地的再利用成為各國關注議題，此亦可稱之為褐地再開發。雖然褐地定義在各組織及國家中皆略有不同，但其共通點為已經開發過的土地，有再開發的可能性，卻因其有污染或可能存在污染需要介入才可重新使用。褐地管理在國外歷經數十年時間，發展出完整管理系統及流程，並為加速整治，以風險訂定整治目標及提出財政補助，同時，許多學者也提出設計排序再開發順序的工具，以合理的分配政府資源及經費，使褐地可以有效率的被開發。因此本研究回顧國內現況及國外文獻後，發現為了讓台灣污染場址得以加速解除列管並再使用，需要引入國外褐地概念，以建立污染土地再使用觀念。 本研究首先建立褐地定義為”已開發過且污染輕微，目前為廢棄或閒置狀態，有再開發潛力之污染場址”，並設計再開發的評估流程，將所有列為污染場址之土地遵循環保署訂定的初步評估辦法將污染場址分為控制場址及整治場址，而控制場址經過褐地判別後，再以致癌及非致癌風險值10-6、1推導場址四種不同土地用途之整治目標，並以本研究設計之褐地再開發排序指標工具建立土地再開發順序，並評估未來適合之土地利用選擇，此項工具從文獻匯整各交集指標再進行調整，使之可評估環境、經濟、社會三層面考量，並可保護居民健康安全。而後再加入財政補助，使所有進入流程評估之污染場址可以經由合適的判斷做合適的行動。案例研究以五塊土地進行評估，五塊土地兩塊位於北部，兩塊於中部，最後一塊於南部，經判別後皆屬於褐地，再推估五者各土地用途整治目標後，以指標工具評估再開發順序及適合之土地用途，可得知位於南部的土地及使污染程度高，但因其開發可帶來之效益大，因此為第一優先順序，不僅可促進污染場址再開發，更可以保護居民健康，使土地永續使用。
並列摘要
Taiwan is a small but densely island. As a result, the land resources are very valuable and should be properly managed. However, the number of the contaminant sites in Taiwan keeps growing up every year because of the low delisted rate. There are only 29.5% and 6% of contaminated control sites and contaminated remediation sites have been delisted, which is because that the remediation goal are too strict and there are no finances incentive for the developers. As a result, the remediation cost is too high for the developers to afford. Those pollution sites are limited by the law and cannot be sold or developed, which not only makes the public health be threatened but also wastes the land resources. This situation not just happens in Taiwan. Many countries have faced the same problem. As to achieving sustainable land using, redeveloping those sites become one of the most emphasis issue, which can also be called brownfield redevelopment. Brownfield management has been developed for decades of years. Although the definition of brownfield are varied from country to country and different organizations, they have something in common, which is that they have the ability to be reused but need intervention for their contamination or potential contamination. In order to expedite the remediation and redevelopment of brownfields, flexible remediation level and financial incentive have been built. In addition, some studies also said that a priority assessment is necessary for using funds and resources efficiency. Therefore, this study is aim to introduce brownfield management to Taiwan and reuse the contaminated lands. First, the study establishes brownfield definition as “have been developed, are not in use or be abandoned currently, and have the potential to be redeveloped.” Than the study establishes a redevelop process, which starts from using the method in Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act to divided control sites and remediation sites. Next, control sites will be divided into brownfield and non-brownfields. The sites which be categorized as brownfield will then be calculated their remediation goals in four different land-use types, which are industrial, commercial, green space and residential by using health risk assessment method. The remediation goals based on the health risk assessment can lower the remediation cost because they will higher than the original one. After calculates four remediation level, the sites will be evaluated by redevelopment assessment, which using indicators and weighting to decide the priority and future land use of the sites. The case study in this study uses five sites to evaluate, and the result shows that the sites which have good location and high pollution will be developed first, and the one who has worst location will be the last. Because the score and the weighting in the redevelopment assessment are designed in own assumption, they should be redesigned by expert conference or AHP survey to avoid subjectivity. Furthermore, the government should also draw up the finance incentive policy and popularize environmental liability insurance as to encouraging developers devoted into reusing the contaminated sites in Taiwan.