審議式民主與青年的政治參與－以臺中市青年事務審議會為例

隨著公民參與在政策過程中日漸重要，審議式民主成為政府納入民眾意見的重要方式之一。臺中市政府於2016年設立青年事務審議會（青年議會），不僅提供審議式民主的場域，讓15歲至35歲的青年得以討論公共問題的解決方案；亦仿照臺中市議會，首創質詢市府局處首長的制度，讓青年與政府能夠直接進行意見的交流。然而，該政策於2019年盧秀燕市長上任後，旋即宣告中止，面對朝野議員的抨擊，市府亦到議會進行專案報告，提出後續青年公民參與的政策轉型方向。本研究以臺中市青年議會為研究對象，透過深度訪談法與參與觀察法，整理政府官員、青年代表的經驗，分析青年議會的實踐過程；並以林子倫（2008）所提出的審議式民主原則為分析架構，評析青年議會的運作結果。更針對市議會、青年議會的質詢進行內容分析，試圖釐清兩議會關注議題的差異性。並分析市府對青年議會的專案報告，針對轉型方案作出評析。研究結果發現，各局處對青年議會的認知不一、政策高度仰賴首長支持、參與不熱烈且遴選容易有爭議、審議不足且質詢難有建樹，整體而言制度不完整但仍應逐漸調整。針對審議式民主原則的評析，則發現平等性略顯不足、互惠性端視內容、說理性有所限制、涵容性有效發揮、知情性缺乏規劃、公開性不夠落實及效能感有其限制。兩議會的關注焦點則整體差異不大、多集中於市長及施政力、青年議會較能緊扣青年議題、議題核心差異與立場衝突多、網頁及APP重視程度有所差異。而市府的轉型方案則係問題認定不盡詳實、應該儘速推動法制化。最後，針對地方政府推動青年審議式民主提出三點建議：主管機關與首長態度重要、重視實際審議而非形式、強化參與多元性與參與意願。本研究以地方政府推動青年審議式民主為主軸，探討青年的政治參與及審議式民主的意涵，以及針對地方政府提出相關政策之建議。

關鍵字

青年議會；審議式民主；青年政治參與；公民參與

並列摘要

As citizen participation becomes increasingly important in the policy process, deliberative democracy becomes one of the important ways for the government to incorporate public opinion. The Taichung City Government established the Taichung City Youth Council (Youth Council) in 2016 to provide not only a deliberative democratic field but also to enable young people between the ages of 15 and 35 to discuss solutions to public problems. It is also modeled after the Taichung City Council and the first system to interpellate the head of the Municipal Bureau. Let the youth and the government directly exchange ideas. However, after Mayor Lu Shiow-yen took office in 2019, the policy was suspended. In the face of the criticism of the Taichung City Council, the city government also went to the parliament to report on the project and proposed a policy transformation direction for the participation of young citizens. This research takes the Taichung City Youth Council as the research object, through the depth-interview method and participation observation method, sorts out the experience of government officials and youth representatives, analyzes the practice process of the Youth Council; and takes the deliberative democratic principle proposed by Lin Tze-luen (2008). To analyze the results of the operation of the Youth Council. In addition, the content analysis of the interpellation of the Taichung City Council and the Youth Council was conducted to try to clarify the differences between the two councils. It also analyzes the city's project report on the Youth Council and evaluates the transformation plan. The results of the research found that the bureaus had different perceptions of the Youth Council, the policy relied heavily on the support of the heads, the participation was not enthusiastic and the selection was easy to be controversial, the deliberation was insufficient and the interpellation was difficult to achieve. The overall system of the Youth Councils was incomplete but should be gradually adjusted. According to the evaluation of deliberative democratic principles, it is found that there is a slight lack of equality, reciprocity depends on the content, limited rationality, effective use of inclusion, lack of informed planning, insufficient disclosure, and limitations of efficacy. The focus of the two parliaments is not much different. The focus is on the mayor and the Governance. The Youth Council is more closely linked to the youth issues, the core differences and position conflicts, and the differences in the importance of web pages and APPs. The transformation plan of the municipal government is not well-founded and the legalization should be promoted as soon as possible. Finally, three suggestions for local government to promote youth deliberative democracy are: the competent authorities and the heads are important, paying attention to actual deliberation, and strengthening citizen participation and diversity. This research focuses on the promotion of youth deliberative democracy by local governments and explores the implications of youth political participation and deliberative democracy, as well as recommendations for local governments to propose relevant policies.