視聽整合對無意識場景圖片處理的促進效果

先前研究指出複雜場景圖片的語義能夠在視覺處理早期就被提取 (Potter, Wyble, Hagmann, & McCourt, 2014)。而無意識場景圖片是否能夠與聲音刺激做跨感官視聽整合至今仍是個謎。在本研究中，我們將探討場景聲音刺激是否能夠加速無意識場景圖片的視覺處理歷程。我們使用連續閃爍抑制（Continuous Flash Suppression）派典，在此派典中場景圖片（餐廳或街道）被呈現在某一眼，不斷閃爍的高對比蒙德里安彩色圖片（Mondrain）於另一眼呈現。場景圖片一開始會被蒙德里安圖片壓抑在無意識階段，並且同時搭配一個語義相符或者不符的場景聲音刺激。實驗參與者被要求一旦偵測場景的任何一部分即按鍵停止，我們則採用場景圖片從雙眼競爭中釋放的時間作為隱式處理的指標。結果發現在視聽語義相符的情況下場景圖片能較快從壓抑中釋放，而此類的無意識視聽整合效果只發生於完整場景圖片中（實驗一）。實驗二及實驗三的結果顯示，當只有物件或者只有背景的場景圖片時，此類無意識視聽整合效果就消失了。在實驗四中，我們排除了可能是預期效果造成的結果。這是第一筆實證研究顯示場景圖片能夠與聲音刺激做無意識視聽整合。此研究發現支持了複雜場景的語義訊息能夠在早期階段就被提取的假設，並且重新檢視了場景知覺理論，提出證據顯示複雜場景的視聽整合不需要意識介入就能夠完成。

關鍵字

場景知覺；無意識處理；視聽整合；雙眼競爭；連續閃爍抑制派典

並列摘要

It has been suggested that the meaning of a masked complex scene can be extracted in a single feedforward sweep. However, it remains unknown whether audiovisual integration occurs with an invisible complex visual scene. Here we examine whether a scenery soundtrack can facilitate unconscious processing of a subliminal visual scene. The continuous flash suppression paradigm was used to render a complex scene picture invisible, and the picture was paired with a semantically congruent or incongruent scenery soundtrack. Participants were asked to respond as fast as possible if they detected any part of the scene. Release-from-suppression time was used as an index of unconscious processing of the complex scene, which was found to be shorter in the audiovisual congruent condition than in the incongruent condition. This unconscious audiovisual integration occurred with full-scene pictures (Experiment 1), but not with objects-only (Experiment 2) or background-only (Experiment 3) pictures. The possibility of expectation feedback was excluded (Experiment 4). This is the first study demonstrating unconscious audiovisual integration with subliminal scene pictures. This finding not only supports the hypothesis that scenery semantic processing can be extracted in a feedforward pass, but also suggests that scene perception theories should be expanded to include unconscious audiovisual integration.

並列關鍵字

scene perception ； unconscious processing ； audiovisual integration ； interocular suppression ； continuous flash suppression

參考文獻

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視聽整合對無意識場景圖片處理的促進效果

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