- 學位論文
美國法上堡壘原則對我國正當防衛法的啟示
The Inspiration of Castle Doctrine in the United States to Taiwan’s Self-Defense Law
摘要
2014年於台北市曾經發生一起「勇夫護孕妻案」。其事實略為一名竊賊侵入被告（夫）及其妻之屋內行竊，遭被告壓制過久而窒息死亡。案經臺灣士林地方法院審理，最終判處被告犯過失致死罪，處有期徒刑參月，如易科罰金，以新臺幣壹仟元折算壹日，緩刑貳年。此案引發輿論對判決的大力批判，其中更有呼籲我國應該引入美國法上堡壘原則者。本文便是以此案為契機，對美國法上堡壘原則加以研究。本文有兩大重心，其一在於釐清何謂美國法上的堡壘原則，並關注堡壘原則近年來之發展，其二則聚焦於美國法上堡壘原則能給我國正當防衛法帶來何等之啟示。 在第二章，本文先對美國判例法上堡壘原則加以定位，並考察其源流以及中心思想，再藉由Beard. v. U.S.案說明美國部分州在19世紀興起的美式真男人原則。章末則介紹美國判例法上向來在堡壘原則適用上的爭議。在第三章，主要係在研究美國近年來有關家宅防衛以及自衛相關法規的最新發展。主要係以2005年由佛羅里達州所掀起的立∕修法潮為中心，介紹就地防衛法與堡壘原則有何不同，以及就地防衛法之內容與爭議。最後再整理美國各州現今之自衛法規範現狀。 在第四章，本文回到前開我國本土案例──勇夫護孕妻案，將案件事實、法院見解以及學說上的相關見解加以爬梳整理。第五章則首先將美國法上的自衛、堡壘原則以及我國的正當防衛加以比較，其次再指出我國刑法規定的不足以及勇夫護孕妻案判決的可惜之處。最後，本文將結合我國既有實務見解（掃把擊賊案、追打入屋案）以及美國法上堡壘原則的兩大脈絡，嘗試於沒有修法的前提之下針對家宅內正當防衛做出適當的調整。
並列摘要
There was a controversial case, which was also known as “brave husband case”, in Taipei in 2014. The fact was that a burglar broke into the house of the defendant and his pregnant wife, and was later killed by the defendant. The defendant did not notice the abnormality of the burglar's body and suppressed the burglar for too long, causing the burglar’s asphyxia. The accused was found guilty but given a suspended sentence. This verdict has aroused strong criticism, and among these opinions there was a kind of view calling on Taiwan should consider to introduce the castle doctrine from the United States. This thesis takes this case as an opportunity to research the castle doctrine in the United States, and has two main focuses. One is to explain what is the castle doctrine, and pay attention to the development of it in the United States in recent years, and the other is to focus on what kind of inspiration the castle doctrine can bring to Taiwan’s self-defense law. In the second chapter, this thesis firstly studies the castle doctrine in American case law, and examines its origin and central idea, and then explains the American true man doctrine that arose in the 19th century in some states through Beard v. United States. At the end of the chapter, the author introduces the controversy on the application of castle doctrine in American case law. In the third chapter, the author mainly studies the latest development of self-defense laws in the United States in recent years. Focusing on the recent wave of stand your ground law legislation which was started from Florida in 2005, this thesis introduces the differences between the stand your ground law and the castle doctrine, as well as the contents and disputes of the stand your ground law. Finally, this thesis summarizes the present situation of self-defense laws in every States. In the fourth chapter, this thesis returns to the local case of Taiwan - “brave husband case”, organize the case facts, court opinions, and scholar views. The fifth chapter firstly compares the self-defense law in the United States and Taiwan, and then points out the deficiency of Taiwan’s self-defense law and the inadequacies of the judgment of the brave husband case. Finally, this thesis combines the existing opinions of Taiwan’s court and the main idea of castle doctrine in the United States, trying to make appropriate adjustments for the self-defense law's application within defendant's home under the premise of no statutes amendment.