網路保險監理之研究─以保險比價網為中心

近年來，保險業及保險中介人辦理網路保險業務的情況越來越活絡。除了保險業與保險中介人等已經經過主管機關許可並取得營業執照的既有業者之外，其他原本非屬金融服務業之網路業者，也開始角逐網路保險的市場。其中，最典型的經營型態就是「保險比價網」。保險比價網固然會帶給消費者許多便利，但同時也會帶來許多風險，而侵害消費者權益。歐盟、英國、義大利及中國等國家的監理機關，已經注意到保險比價網的興起及風險，並開始對保險比價網有具體的監理作為，值得我國參考。然而，在對於保險比價網進行監理的同時，勢必會抑制業者的營業活動，甚至不利於產業的創新。是以，監理機關必須同時顧及保護消費者及扶持產業創新的監理政策，並設法在二者中取得平衡。保險比價網是網路保險經營型態中的一種，因此在開始進入對於保險比價網的深入研究之前，本文首先會對網路保險監理的基本原則進行探討。其次，本文會將討論的重心聚集到保險比價網，以探討保險比價網的營業模式，並會論及保險比價網的種類、風險以及民事關係。第三，本文會說明各國對於保險比價網監理的現狀，包含各國監理機關的態度、可以適用的法律規範、各種具體的監理措施等。最後，本文會將重點放回我國，探討我國法規對於保險比價網應如何因應，並將我國法規區分為可以直接適用於保險比價網身上之「直接監理規範」；以及適用於與保險比價網以外之相關產業的「間接監理規範」，而分別予以探討。

關鍵字

保險比價網；保險網路聚合平台；網路保險；網路投保；保險監理

並列摘要

In recent years, more and more insurance undertakings and intermediaries have entered the market of online insurance. In addition to insurance undertakings and intermediaries, whose businesses have already been authorized by the competent authority, online platforms, which also provide online insurance services to the consumers, are emerging. The very typical business model of these online platforms is called “insurance comparison website”. Although insurance comparison websites bring convenience to the consumers, these websites raise several risks as well, and thus may violate the consumers’ rights and interests. Concerning the risks brought by insurance comparison websites, the competent authorities in European Union, United Kingdom, Italy and China have all implemented various regulatory tools upon the insurance comparison websites, which are worth for the competent authority in Taiwan to follow. Nevertheless, the enforcement of regulation will certainly restrain the business of insurance comparison websites, or even go against the innovation of the industry. Therefore, the competent authority should seek for the balance between the policies of consumer protection and innovation assistance. Because the insurance comparison website belongs to one kinds of online insurance, this paper first discusses the principles of regulation of online insurance. Second, this paper focuses on the business of insurance comparison website, and examines the categories, risks and legal relations of it. Third, this paper will introduce the status of regulation of insurance comparison website in different jurisdictions, including the attitudes of competent authorities, applicable laws, individual regulatory tools, etc. At last, this paper will return to the existing laws in Taiwan, targeting how these existing laws could be applied to insurance comparison websites. In this part, the existing laws in Taiwan are divided into “direct regulation” and “indirect regulation”, with each respectively discussed.