論台灣地區與大陸地區複保險制度之差異

A study on the comparisons of double insurance between Taiwan and Mainland China

潘昱帆(Yu-fan Pan)

指導教授 ： 劉宗榮

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/國家發展研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.00073

摘要

複保險制度之問題研究，可將其分為複保險之要件、複保險的效力、複保險與其他保險制度之區辨以及人身保險有無複保險的適用等四部份加以觀察。於複保險要件之議題上，兩岸保險法制除於「同一保險標的」有不同之規範外，其並無明顯之差異，而在要件內涵之解釋上，兩岸保險法制均同樣存在許多不同之意見。而複保險的效力中，大陸地區之保險法並無違反通知義務之效力規定。本文於此將相關學說文獻以及立法例作歸納分析，並以「潛在性複保險」之概念對複保險之要件及效力進行重新定位和思考。蓋複保險之要件涉及通知義務之產生，為多不具保險專業知識的義務人須自行認定之事項，而效力部分則係由具備專業知識保險人判斷，故複保險設計上應朝向要件簡化而效力細緻化之方向較為公平。除此之外，當複保險構成時，兩岸保險法制上均未賦予要保人主動之權限，似均有不足之處，應可參考德國保險契約法之立法模式。

於檢討複保險之要件後，則可進一步區辨複保險與其他保險相關制度，其中最具爭議性的議題即在於複保險與保險競合之關係。本文於相關文獻之歸納整理後，嘗試將複保險從保險競合中抽離觀察，並以保險事故重是否發生重新界定兩者間之關係。而人身保險有無複保險適用範圍之問題，本文於歸納學說、立法例及兩岸保險法之現況後，區分人身保險為定額保險與損失填補保險，將定額保險排除於複保險適用範圍之外。

關鍵字

複保險 ； 大陸地區 ； 潛在性複保險 ； 保險競合 ； 複保險之剔除

並列摘要

The analyses of double insurance include four parts: the factors of double insurance, the legal effect of double insurance, the difference between double insurance and other similar insurance concepts and the disputes of double insurance effective to personal insurance. On the comparisons of the factors of double insurance between Taiwan and Mainland China, barring the part of same property insured, the stipulations are much the same, and both the discussions on the interpretations are various. As to the legal effect of double insurance, there is no stipulation that declares the legal effect on failing to notify insurers in Mainland China insurance law. This paper will analyze the first and second issues on the basis of relating documents and the insurance laws of other countries, then make renovated conclusions through the concept of potential double insurance. The factors of double insurance determine when should the insureds notify insurers, but the insureds usually do not have insurance savvy. However, the legal effect is performed by insurers who are much familiar with insurance. Therefore, the factors of double insurance should be simplified, the legal effect should be detailed at the same time. As it comes to double insurance, there is a shortage in Taiwan and Mainland China insurance laws that the policyholders do not have the rights to nullify and reduce the insurance contracts, so it is useful to refer to German insurance contracts law.

By confirming the factors of double insurance, we can inspect double insurance for other insurance to find the differences between them. This thesis will define the relationship of double insurance and other insurance afresh through the discrimination of double insurance and other insurance after collating relating documents. Concerning the disputes of double insurance effective to personal insurance, the approaches of this paper are exploring relating documents and the history of insurance laws in the different countries and discriminating the differences of indemnity insurance and contingency insurance.

並列關鍵字

double insurance ； Mainland China ； potential double insurance ； other insurance ； nullify and reduce

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