電池芯電池模型建立與電量即時估測演算法

能源問題促使了電動車的相關發展，而電池作為電動車的主要能源儲存裝置，其控制與監測成為電動車發展中不可或缺的一部分。在電動車的模擬階段，需要電池模型用以預電池響應，確保各控制策略的可行性，而在實車測試階段，電池模型可用於電池管理系統預測電池響應，達到監控目的。本論文利用時域上的電壓分析，提取電池模型參數，並考量放電電流大小與電量對於參數之影響，之後運用MATLAB®建立電池模型，提供電池芯的完整資訊，其模擬效果在動態負載下，誤差峰值不超過四個百分點。電量的即時估測，目的在避免電池的不當使用，延長電池壽命並且避免危險，本論文建立以卡爾曼濾波器為主體之電量估測方法，避免了傳統庫倫積分法的積分誤差累加問題，並與其他演算法做一比較，成果指出適應性卡爾曼濾波器擁有最佳效果，其可以在60秒之內將電量誤差收斂至一個百分點以下，克服初值錯誤問題。

關鍵字

鋰離子電池；電池模型；電池模型參數；電量估測；卡爾曼濾波器

並列摘要

Battery models are vital for the development of electric vehicles. It helps stimulate and predict the voltage response of the battery, which can ensure the efficiency of other control algorithms and maintain the safe usage of the battery. In the first part of this thesis, MATLAB® is used to build a battery model of battery cell. The battery model considers the influences of magnitude of discharge current and state of charge on the parameters of the battery model. It can predict the voltage response within 4 % of voltage error under dynamic load. In the second part of this thesis, a model-based Kalman filter is adopted for state of charge estimation. This algorithm is confirmed to have good estimation efficiency. It can converge and overcome the problem of wrong initial point of state of charge within 60 seconds.

並列關鍵字

Lithium-ion Battery ； Battery Model ； Parameter Estimation ； SOC ； Kalman Filter

參考文獻

[1] Zhang, Sheng Shui. "The effect of the charging protocol on the cycle life of a Li-ion battery." Journal of power sources 161.2 (2006): 1385-1391.

[2] Anseán, D., et al. "Fast charging technique for high power lithium iron phosphate batteries: A cycle life analysis." Journal of Power Sources 239 (2013): 9-15.

[5] Battery Performance Characteristics. (n.d.). Revived from

[7] Rao, Ravishankar, Sarma Vrudhula, and Daler N. Rakhmatov. "Battery modeling for energy aware system design." Computer 36.12 (2003): 77-87.

[8] Broussely, M., et al. "Main aging mechanisms in Li ion batteries." Journal of power sources 146.1 (2005): 90-96.

國際替代計量

電池芯電池模型建立與電量即時估測演算法

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