大型海水維生系統中水質之監測與管理

本研究以花蓮遠雄海洋公園為實例，探討一個大型生活圈養海水水體及維生系統的物質累積、去除與平衡的控管。在2009到2010年間，分四次在海洋公園各水體循環系統中，共設立了21個監測點。分析了海水的溫度、鹽度、濁度、酸鹼度、溶氧、水中有機物UV254指標、溶氧、水中殘餘氧化劑量、水中營養鹽（包括氨氮、亞硝酸鹽、硝酸鹽、可反應磷酸鹽及矽酸鹽）濃度、重金屬含量等水質項目。結果顯示，大部分的水體，在維生系統在正常運作之下，大都能保持一個穩定的狀態。唯獨營養鹽，特別是硝酸鹽與磷酸鹽濃度，在很多展示池中，均累積到令人驚奇的高值。這些高值雖然沒有對生物造成立即的毒性，但是會提高整個水體中，生物的壓迫與水質崩潰的風險。而保持維生系統中的淨化效率與提高原水的置換率，實為因應水質品質的必要手段。本研究也從現場經驗中，推衍了一套數值模式，可以有效的應用在水質的操作與管理實務上。

關鍵字

海水維生系統；營養鹽；水質數值模式

並列摘要

This study focused on the monitoring and operation of a typical life support system of a large scale marine-cultivation water body, i.e. the aquarium system of the Hualien Farglory Ocean Park. The survey was made four times during 2009 and 2010 at 21 selected sites. Water-quality parameters measured include basic data of temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, UV254 index, dissolved oxygen and total residual oxidant(TRO); nutrients concentrations like ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silicate; as well as several specific heavy metals. Most water bodies inspected were rated as under a normal and balanced status, but the nitrate and phosphate concentrations in marine mammal pools (dolphin and sea lion) were accumulated to astonishing high levels. Although no immediate risk, but the balance is heavily depending upon the reliability of water quality maintaining units in the circulating system. The replacement rate of the water also plays important role of lowering nutrient concentrations and keeping the confined environment in a sustainable condition. A mathematical model was derived based on to the above findings and it has been proven helpful in the routine operation.

並列關鍵字

life support system ； nutrients ； a mathematical model of water-quality

參考文獻

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大型海水維生系統中水質之監測與管理

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