常民對新興流感的觀點：一個質性研究

Lay Perspectives on the Emerging Influenza: A Qualitative Study

楊惠茹(Hui-Ju Yang)

指導教授 ： 丁志音

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/健康政策與管理研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00197

摘要

研究背景與目的：近年來新興流感陸續出現，社會大眾因此接觸到豐富的流感相關資訊，本研究希望在這種社會情境下瞭解常民如何看待與因應新興流感。研究目的為（1）探討常民如何認識與解釋新興流感，與（2）描述常民對新興流感的行為反應與其背後因素。

研究方法：採深度訪談的方式進行資料收集。以最大變異抽樣法挑選樣本，自2012年10月至2013年4月，共訪談25位不同性別、年齡、教育程度與職業的民眾。最後由研究者閱讀訪談錄音的逐字稿，再加以分析重要研究主題。

研究結果：（1）「疾病名稱」例如禽流感、豬流感、H1N1、H5N1等等，是許多受訪民眾認識疾病的首要方式，具有幫助建立對特定流感的第一印象之功能。由於根據科學命名方式而來的「HxNy」名稱較難以被理解，有些人會進一步整理出一套私房知識系統以理解流感相關的現象，（2）雖然受訪民眾感知到新興流感帶來的風險甚高，但普遍認為疾病「不會發生在我身上」，並有人開始出現「資訊超載導致防範疲乏」現象，降低對流感的風險感知，（3）受訪民眾對於新興流感接二連三出現的解釋主要可歸納為三大因素，分別為大環境因素、致病原因素以及全球化因素，及（4）在新興流感疫情出現時，常要等到受訪者眼中的「嚴重」情形出現，才能引起他們注意。民眾會根據自己對疾病發展情形的評估，決定所認定預防行為的執行程度。

結論：常民的知識建構於日常生活環境中，與衛生專家主要從科學出發的視角有很大差異。因此當面臨一波波新興流感疫情發生，為達到流感防治政策推廣之效果，政策制定者應理解常民對此新興疾病的思考脈絡，以弭平專家與一般民眾知識的落差。

關鍵字

新興流感 ； 常民觀點 ； 常民知識 ； 疾病歸因 ； 健康傳播 ； 風險感知

並列摘要

Background and objectives: In recent years, it has been witnessed a consecutive emergence of new influenza. The general public has been therefore intensively exposed to an abundance of flu information. This study aims to examine how laypersons perceive and respond to the emerging influenza under this particular circumstance. In particular, the objectives of this study were (1) to explore lay knowing and reasoning about recently appeared new influenzas, and (2) to describe the profile and the underlying rationales of the lay public’s behavioral responses to these flu epidemics.

Methods: Data were collected by in-depth interviews. By means of maximum variation sampling, 25 laypersons distinctive in their gender, age, education and occupation were selected and interviewed during October 2012 to April 2013. The interview data were verbatimly transcribed and main themes embedded in the participants’ narratives and conversations were extracted.

Results: (1) The “name” of a disease such as bird flu, swine flu, H1N1 and H5N1, etc. was the preliminary way for many of the participants to come to know the disease, which helped them to establish the first impression of a particular flu. Since the naming system “HxNy” based on scientific taxonomy was difficult for laypersons to comprehend, some people developed their own private knowledge systems for making sense of flu-related phenomenon. (2) Although the participants have perceived the high risk of these influenzas, they generally considered they won’t be a victim of these new diseases. Also lowering the risk perceptions was the phenomena of “prevention fatigue from information overload” observed among some participants. (3) Participants attributed the recurrence of emerging influenzas to three major factors, namely environmental, pathogen and global, and (4) It was not until the “worst” condition appeared could these participants became alert. Laypersons usually implemented preventive strategies to a different degree based on their assessment of the progress of the epidemics.

Conclusions: Lay knowledge is constructed in the context of everyday life, which differs from that of health experts derived mainly from scientific endeavor. In face of recurrent influenza epidemics, it is suggested that to achieve efficient prevention and control the government shall well grasp lay understandings of these novel diseases to reduce the expert-lay knowledge discrepancy.

並列關鍵字

emerging influenza ； lay perspective ； lay knowledge ； disease attribution ； health communication ； risk perceptions

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