環境類型與心流體驗及練氣體驗關係之研究

Effect of Landscape Types on Flow experience and Qi Experience

洪詩涵(SHIH-HAN HUNG)

指導教授 ： 張俊彥

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.10057

摘要

過去許多研究證實透過活動可以得到愉快、放鬆、成長等的經驗，然而在心流理論中，少有研究指出活動當下的環境亦會影響體驗。在活動引發之心理反應中，西方稱為心流體驗，與東方練氣產生的體驗是否相似?在傳統中國文化上，氣功被視為養身保健的活動，當人放鬆、安靜、自然地活動筋骨，即可感覺氣。另一方面，在景觀領域的研究中不斷地證實自然環境對人的效益；同時中國環境觀也認為氣場會影響人的感受。因此，本次的研究主要是探討心流體驗與練氣體驗的關係以及環境類型對環境體驗（環境氣場知覺、復得與回思、偏好）與活動體驗（心流體驗、練氣體驗）的差異，最後探討環境體驗是否能預測活動體驗。透過校內氣功課及氣功協會，共邀請58位初學氣功的學生及氣功師，邀請他們到校園環境練習吐納法後，立即填寫問卷。研究結果顯示心流體驗與練氣體驗呈高度正相關，代表練氣體驗其實就是一種心流體驗；不同環境類型對環境體驗與活動體驗之影響，分為兩方面來探討:從活動引發之心流體驗及練氣體驗皆以草地環境表現最好，廣場環境的表現最差；環境引發的體驗（環境氣場知覺、恢復體驗及偏好），皆以水體的評值最高而廣場的評值為最低；另外，環境類型可透過環境氣場知覺及水體環境、恢復體驗與偏好的中介而顯著地影響心流體驗與練氣體驗。研究結果初步顯示草地與水體對活動體驗及環境體驗具特別的效益，未來可再深入輔以科學儀器證實東方氣場、草地及水體對人體的重要性。

關鍵字

心流體驗 ； 練氣體驗 ； 環境氣場知覺 ； 恢復體驗 ； 氣功

並列摘要

Many studies have confirmed one can obtain pleasant, enjoyable, relaxed, growth experience through activities; while in flow theory, there are few studies point out that environment may influence one's inner feelings. In Western, as person feels intrinsic happy through activities which called “flow experience”. On the other side, people regarded qigong activity as an important source of promoting good health in china. When people calm down, relaxing, moving their body, they can feel Qi flowing in the body and gain fun, called “Qi experience”. So, is the psychological state similar in flow experience and Qi experience? Besides, in the studies of landscape, it has shown that natural environment provides benefits for human. Hence, the purpose of this study is using Qi’s view to understand the relationship between flow experience and Qi experience; understand the different experience in different types of landscape; and understand the perception of environment Qi, recovery, reflection, and preference that influence flow experience and Qi experience. In this study, we invited 58 students and Qigong masters from National Taiwan University and qigong association, asking them “breath” in NTU campus, then filled up the questionnaires immediately. First, the results show there is a high correlation between flow experience and Qi experience. Second, we found both flow experience and Qi experience prefer in grass setting the most, but lowest in building square. Besides, in perception of environment Qi, restoration and preference, we found participants prefer water landscape the most, but lowest in building square. Third, we found that we may use perception of environment Qi and water landscape, restoration and preference to predict flow experience and Qi experience. In the preliminary findings, it shows that there are some special benefits in grass and water landscape for qigong practicing. In the future, we suggest using scientific instruments to confirm Qi theory, and telling the important of grass and water landscape for human.

並列關鍵字

flow experience ； Qi experience ； perception of environment Qi ； restoration

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