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  • 學位論文

基於工作空間分析之機械手臂機構設計

Robot Manipulator Mechanism Design Based on Workspace Analysis

指導教授 : 葉仲基

摘要


機械手臂在農業、醫療和工業等領域的自動化操作中發揮著重要作用,其機構設計值得進一步研究。本文探討運用現今電腦高速運算的特性,設計機械手臂尺寸參數和其最佳放置位置。設計系統採用5自由度PUMA 560型機械手臂,使用者可以指定機械手臂的初始尺寸,以及端效器須達到的特定點座標及特定角度,且機械手臂各關節點致動器角度須滿足使用者指定的範圍,透過調整機械手臂的尺寸大小及位置,以工作空間分析來滿足使用者需求。設計系統需要考量致動器的角度範圍,求取機械手臂位置、連桿長度尺寸調整參數,並以最小工作空間為搜尋目標。 本文的方法將5自由度PUMA 560型機械手臂位置功能及方向功能分別解耦分析,以兩種方法探討機械手臂設計方式。方法1透過機械手臂其中3自由度在工作空間中的部分球形殼體空間來計算最佳化,以簡化定位問題,透過定義約束條件不等式,以搜尋計算機械手臂尺寸參數的最小尺寸調整參數、機械手臂的位置以及其關節角度,實現最小工作空間,並滿足使用者需求。方法2透過以致動器可能產生角度組合之向量分析,滿足機械手臂端效器須達到的特定角度,然後將選擇最少角度組合的特定點座標及其向量來計算機械手臂的位置,應用反向運動學用於檢查其餘各致動器角度是否滿足約束條件,再從所有滿足條件的組合中選出最小尺寸調整參數,以決定機械手臂的放置位置和致動器角度。以上兩種機械手臂設計方法均將端效器位置和方向功能解耦,以簡化機械手臂關節角度計算、尺寸參數和機械手臂放置等問題,最後比較兩方法之優缺點。

並列摘要


Robot arms play a major role in automated operations in agriculture, medical and industrial fields, and the design of manipulator mechanism is worthy of further study. This paper reports an effective design system for the dimension parameters and placement of manipulator by means of computer fast calculation. The design system uses 5 degrees of freedom PUMA 560 type manipulator. Users can assign original manipulator dimensions and coordinates of points that a manipulator’s end effector intends to reach with specific angle. Angle of each joint point of manipulator must meet user requirement. The manipulator should fulfill the requirements through workspace boundary analysis, adjusting dimensions and placement of manipulator in design system. The placement of manipulator arm, adjusted coefficients for dimensions parameters, and angles of actuators are determined and used for the minimum workspace with constraints. The 5 degrees of freedom PUMA 560 type manipulator position and oriental functions can be considered separately through decoupled analysis. Two methods are used to explore the design of manipulator. 3 degrees of freedom manipulator workspace is considered as a part of spherical shell to simplify positioning problems in method 1. Moreover, we define constraint condition inequalities in the system to achieve a minimum workspace. The inequalities are applied to determine the minimum adjusted coefficient of parameters of length as well as the placement and actuator angles of the manipulator to meet user requirements. Vector analysis is used for determining possible angles combination for actuators to satisfy orientations constraints of end effector in method 2. Then one of relative coordinates and their vectors of the least angles combination will be chosen to determine the placement of manipulator. Inverse kinematics is used for checking if parts angles solutions meet constraints. Then the design system will select the minimum adjusted coefficient of parameters of length from all combinations that meet the conditions to determine the placement of manipulator and the angles of the actuators. The proposed two manipulator design methods decouple position and orientation functions of end effector to simplify problems of angles solutions, manipulator parameters, and placement of manipulator with constraints. Finally, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods.

參考文獻


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