本論文從2008年金融危機談起,探討金融危機的成因、金融危機對市場和代表性金融機構之影響以及各國政府如何因應金融危機所帶來的衝擊。由於金融機構將貸款證券化,包裝重組為多種不同風險類型的金融商品,以較高的報酬賣給機構投資者或個人,導致危機以骨牌效應不斷擴展,因此論文接著探討證券化相關議題。最後透過相關會計公報之比較分析,以及準則制定機構對於公平價值衡量金融商品產生疑義的因應措施,尋找公平價值之會計處理脈絡,以提出如何落實公平價值會計之建議。 實施公平價值會計能提升資訊品質、反映經濟實質,由於公平價值對於報導個體所擁有之經濟資源提供即時且完整的價值評估,係能做為突顯金融問題的預警機制,反映目前金融危機的嚴重性,因此應繼續採用公平價值會計,並達到落實公平價值會計的核心價值,本論文就如何落實公平價值會計提出之建議如下: 一、加強評價方法及相關資訊之揭露 二、簡化金融商品之會計處理 三、建立評價機制並培育評價人才 四、強化企業公平價值資訊之取得 五、健全金融機構對金融商品評價之內部控制 六、會計師查核金融商品之公平價值 七、落實金融商品交易之監理
Subprime loan and related financial instruments are used to study the financial crisis of 2008. This financial crisis results from the overextension of credit and the sophistication of securitization. The liquidity crunch influences financial market and global economy negatively. Many financial institutions are taken over by the government or fall into bankruptcy. To mitigate the impact of financial crisis, central banks add capital to markets, decrease interest rate or adopt financial bailouts. Financial crisis leads to a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for assets or liabilities. The difficulty of determination for fair value of financial instruments causes some criticisms and challenges. The adoption of fair value accounting actually increases the relevance of financial information and helps to reflect the severity of financial problems. Through comparison and analysis of the financial standards, the thesis provides some suggestions to implement fair value accounting. The following are the propositions of enforcing fair value accounting: 1. Enhance disclosure of valuation techniques and assumptions. 2. Simplify recognition and measurement of financial instruments. 3. Establish valuation standards and cultivate related professionals 4. Strengthen the acquisition of fair value information 5. Augment internal control of financial instruments valuation. 6. Improve fair value audit. 7. Reinforce the supervision of financial markets.